rosborough blackberriesrosborough blackberries
Variety denomination - 'Choctaw', tested as Ark. Rainfall or irrigation is needed every 7 to 10 days depending on how well your soil holds moisture. 0000045171 00000 n
Several blackberry species are native to Florida, and are often picked wild, but they're usually small and flavor varies. Many competitors may increase the plants prices in order to hide shipping costs we do not do that. The drupelets form around ovules that are fertilized by pollen that is moved by insects, particularly honeybees. Be sure to till or spade finished compost into you, Join The John Fairey Garden on Saturday, March 18t, Normally, I would be telling gardeners they still, Great to see Luis Chamorro from @heirloomsoils mug. Space trailing cultivars from 3 to 5 feet apart. It is resistant to orange rust and tolerant to several other diseases. The fruits of the new cultivars (Fig. We typically ship merchandise either the same or the next business day on which the order was received. The wire is available at most farm supply stores as electric fence wire. Berries. New primacanes produced in the second and subsequent years will be erect and should also be cut to a height of 3 to 4 feet in June to encourage lateral branching. She holds a B.S. Blackberries may be trellised, planted near a fence or left alone. The fruit is firmer than `Shawnee and stores and ships well. We love our plants, and do not want to see them die, so we would rather wait until its the right time to ship it, than risk losing a plant in transit. Dwarf Everbearing Mulberry Plant - Morus nigra - Sweet Fruit - 4" Pot. Recommended especially for northeast Texas but adapted to other areas. The berries are large and the plants produce heavily. 0000071151 00000 n
| Find, read and cite all . The types of blackberries are generally grouped according to their growth habit, either trailing or erect. Fertilizer. The fruit are actually a collection of numerous drupelets which form the "berry." n a late spring day the blackberries are just starting to change color and, when they turn midnight black, its time to start picking and perhaps get the kitchen ready to put together a fresh blackberry cobbler. Cultivated forms of trailing types are boysenberries and youngberries. Rinse it and let it air-dry. Were so sorrybut due to agricultural restrictions we cannot ship any plants outside of the United States, or to the states ofCalifornia, Hawaii and Alaska. One of the few varieties that actually perform well in the extreme desert heat. Plant these cuttings about 2 feet apart. If you ask us to still ship it, through the conditions, we will not be responsible for any damage caused to the plant & UPS will not refund any claims. They like full sun. Soil Type Any well-drained soil will do. Pruning and trellising are probably the most important part of growing blackberries. This thorned variety is adapted over a wide area. 0000003452 00000 n
They grow best in sandy. 0000021118 00000 n
It is interesting that Brazos has some raspberry and wild dewberry in its heritage. This variety has a 300-400 hour winter chilling requirement. (**Some exceptions do apply to prevent damage in transit, particularly with citrus trees, avocado trees, multi-grafted fruit trees, tropical tree varieties and some flowering shade trees.). Rosborough Blackberries $23.00 The most popular of the TAMU releases. Blackberries are extremely perishable and must be handled with care. Choctaw is hardy to -14 degrees F. and is a good candidate for the Panhandle. Primocane Fruiting VarietiesThe University of Arkansas in 2004 released the varieties Prime-Jim and Prime-Jane, new primocane fruiting blackberries. Use two high tensile wires for attaching the canes, one at 2-1/2 feet above the ground and one at 4 feet above the ground. Apache. Released in 1999, this is the largest fruited and highest yielding of the University of Arkansas thornless releases. Also,citrus trees cannot be shipped outside of the state of Florida. Blackberries don't need much fertilizer; in fact, excess fertilizer can burn leaves or even kill plants. If you have to delay planting, store them in the refrigerator or stash them in a trench and cover with damp soil. The form of berries is interesting - cubic. 438 0 obj<>stream
Developed and released by Texas A&M University: Blackberries grow best in full sun and sandy soil. Good-sized fruit are said to be slightly acid. Be sure to get the largest size with 12-1/2 gauge being the best. There is a risk for fruit decay if the fruits come in contact with the ground. Prolific 30 day ripening season, large berries, good dark color, good keeping quality. Richard Ashton is the author of several books on fruit growing. Receive updates, discounts, tips and more. Growing Blackberries in the Low Desert Varieties 'Rosborough', 'Womack', and 'Brison' are varieties suitable for growing at home. In the case your package requires inspection, these packages will be shipped on a weekly schedule. Soil. Summer and berriessearching the roadside for patches of tasty wild berries for jams and fresh eating. New canes, or "primocanes," grow from the roots or crown each year and usually provide. Wild blackberries have been the source of many a tasty blackberry pie or cobbler in late spring. Rosborough has been shown to be well-adapted to the coastal plain, according to the Clemson University Extension Office Home & Garden Information Center. Widely adapted throughout the state. Rosborough blackberries, with their signature sweetness, are perfect for eating fresh off the stem. 876, Fruiting habit - floricane fruiting (summer-bearing), Flowering on floricanes starts in the second week of April, Ripening date (regular) - fourth week of May, Patent Plant 6,678
In June following harvest, all fruiting canes (floricanes) should be removed, leaving only the leafy vegetative or primacanes. The best climate for our southern blackberry varieties is anywhere in USDA cold hardiness zones 7 to 9, which includes most of our state. The Rosborough Blackberry is a thorny variety with high yields of large, sweet fruit. Cheyenne. Released by the University of Arkansas in 1977, Cheyenne has very large fruit that are sweet and have a slight raspberry flavor. Primocane-bearing varieties are relatively new to the trade, but have been gaining popularity for their potential for producing two crops a year. If there is extremely cold or hot weather expected around your shipment date and on your path of shipment, we will contact you and notify you that we plan to hold the shipment for the next possible shipping date with better conditions. You can buy either plants or root cuttings to get your project started. 0000011462 00000 n
If you order a tree that is only available in a larger container, we will be required to send it as bare root and the leaves stripped from the tree. Taste is worthy. Rosborough produces high yields of fruit with smaller seeds and is firmer than Brazos. Control weeds with a mulch of wood chips and using a pre-emergent labeled for use with fruit bearing plants to prevent weed seeds from germinating. Planting Time Berry plants may be planted from late January through March. Give them a lot of room as they ramble about and take up a lot of space, width-wise. This product is currently out of stock and unavailable. We have covered pruning in a separate blog. No exceptions allowed. This is an example of the timeline . Facebook 0 Twitter Pinterest 0 0 Likes . State of Oregon Containers larger than one gallon are prohibited from shipping to the state of Oregon. While it doesn't grow as elaborate as the Brazos variety, Rosborough blackberries (Rosaceae 'Rosborough') are another highly recommended type that is suitable for your area and has much smaller smaller . 0000056669 00000 n
Plants are slightly thorny. In areas with poor drainage, they may be grown in raised beds. Root cuttings are placed in a trench 2 to 4 inches deep with 2 to 3 feet between plants in rows that are 6 to 12 feet apart. The cultivated varieties of blackberries are well-adapted to most areas of Texas and are fairly easy to grow in home gardens. They are best planted in winter as root cuttings or bare root plants. We have added you to our email list. The medium-sized fruit ripen in the latter part of May to early June in central Texas. Keep the cutting in moist sand, sawdust or peat in a plastic bag. Plant your blackberries close to a water source, as they will most likely need extra irrigation. Cut the root straight through on the end nearest the crown of the blackberry plant and at a slant on the end farthest from the crown. Description, reviews and images of the plants. Another Texas A&M introduction that was released in 1977, 'Rosborough' is similar to 'Brazos' but the berries are firmer, sweeter and it has smaller seed than 'Brazos.' 'Rosborough' ripens about the same time as 'Brazos,' and is intended as a companion or replacement for 'Brazos.' Keeping the canes up off the ground will make weed control easier. Most cultivated varieties bear thorns, but in recent years thornless varieties have been developed that have become very popular. Tighten the wire either manually or using an electric fence tightener. 'Rosborough'- a va-riety released by Texas A&M Univer-sity in 1977, is an erect thorned black-berry and has large fruit which are sweeter than Bra- Preferred soil: Sandy soil, at least a foot deep, that drains well. Disease resistant thorned vines. Fruit weight is 5 g. Berries have a rounded shape. They are also called bramble fruit. Blackberries like full sun and well-drained, rich soil. The wild berries are not very erect and tend to be trailing. 526, Variety denomination - 'Choctaw', tested as Ark. Buy Blackberry Varieties | Thornless Blackberry Plants For Sale - penseberryfarm.com Shipping season ends the 1st of June. Canes can easily grow 6-8 feet or more depending on conditions. Rosborough being the heaviest producer. 0000007920 00000 n
They grow best in sandy. South Florida gardeners can try Southern and Rosborough varieties. Sign up here for news on current classes and articles about plants and gardening in the desert. Homegrown blackberries are well worth the effort, and can be grown by any gardener. Roseborough Blackberry Produces large berries and is high yielding. The plants are highly productive.
At the ends use a short metal electric fence post driven in the ground at a 45 degree angle. The major cultivated varieties are grouped as erect blackberries. They can be profitable . 0000007324 00000 n
AJ Both, Kathy Demchak, Eric Hanson, Cathy Heidenreich, Greg Loeb, Laura McDermott, Marvin Pritts, and Courtney Weber; Cornell Cooperative Extension, Raspberry and Blackberry Production Guide. You can also use any type trellis for just a plant or two. Fertilize blackberries first when they begin to leaf-out, then again in the summer after the fruit has been harvested. Weather Watching:We now ship all year round! All Rights Reserved. Not a high yielding variety, it yields about 60 percent the fruit of Shawnee. The fruit are very sweet with small seed size, and Arapaho is one of the best tasting blackberries. Growing blackberry plants are sometimes available in containers that can be set out at your convenience. Choctaw. A 1989 release of the University of Arkansas.
rl1 The erect types have tighter clusters that are numerous and usually ripen later than the trailing types. 0000070905 00000 n
The fruit of Kiowa are the largest of the varieties listed here and are at least 1/4 bigger than `Brazos. These berries are six to eight times the size of wild blackberries. Trellising and Pruning. Or maybe its time to just eat some berries fresh off the plants. Some are thornless, but there are also thorned varieties. The Master Gardeners at the U of A Cooperative Extension Gardens In Tucson sell Rosborough blackberries at their twice yearly plant sales, in April and October. Many customers come in and ask for her by name for all their plant questions. Starts ripening about June 10 and continues for about 5 weeks. Space erect cultivars from 2 to 4 feet apart. Bushes have erect canes. One of the few varieties that actually performs well in the extreme desert heat. 0000053117 00000 n
Several thornless varieties that are erect. The first year the new canes, called primocanes, grow vigorously but do not produce any flowers. L. Bushway, M. Pritts, D. Handley; Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service Cooperative Extension, Ithaca, Growing blackberries in your home garden. Most of the varieties with thorns were developed in Texas. Shawnee ripens about a week later than Cheyenne, and is susceptible to double blossom disease. Rosborough, Womack, Shawnee, Choctaw, Brison, Arapaho . We welcome you to visit our family establishment and plant roots. All orders are confirmed with a FedEx Tracking Number. We're a proud third generation family-owned business with over 80 years of experience. Insects are necessary for pollination of the berries. Thank you for choosing Bob Wells Nursery. Blackberry plants grow well in Central Texas gardens that have a U.S. Department of Agriculture growing zone of 5 through 8. Selective chemical herbicides may be used to control grass in blackberry plantings. The newer Prime Ark varieties are more erect in their growth habit and do not require trellising. The outstanding quality of this berry is its very early ripening time. The distance between the rows depends on what type of equipment you use to keep the row centers clear of weeds. Soak knife blade for five minutes in a solution of 1 part household bleach and 3 parts of water. Vigorous upright plants that will hold up well until last berries are harvested. It is adapt- Continue watering regularly through September when you will begin to reduce frequency of watering to harden off the canes. Place them 15 to 20 feet apart in the row. In the edible landscape they make great hedges and as backdrops for the flower border. State of California We are prohibited from shipping persimmon trees to the state of California. Good disease tolerance. Then select two of the new primocanes and follow the procedure above. Superb early-ripening, even earlier than famous widely-cultivated variety Loch Tay. Brazos has good disease tolerance. Selected from a Rosborough hand-pollinated cross in 1975 at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Fruit Substation at Clarksville. Plant your blackberry plants from December through February. Carefully spread the roots. Water thoroughly. Disease resistant thorned vines. Kiowa. This, the last of our thorned variety recommendations, is one of the best. Katherine Gierlach December 30, 2019. Copyright Leaf Group Ltd. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. Keep the soil most but not soggy as the cuttings or bare root plants grow. Please add it to your wishlist to be notified when its available. The Rosborough and southern varieties of blackberries will do well in the southern part of the state. 0000040454 00000 n
Water. Use metal 6-1/2 foot T posts, which you can get at nearly any farm supply store. Well-maintained plants will stay viable for up to 15 years. Cheyenne ripens about June 8, and is recommended for east Texas. Welcome to Womack Nursery! 0000000016 00000 n
The two wire system has been well tested and seems to work better. The berries are medium to large in size, are somewhat soft and do not ship or store well. If your soil does not drain well, try growing the berries in raised beds. <<38B59539EFD2644FBBEC7576695A712D>]>>
You can apply the fertilizer as a narrow band along the row. Blackberry - Rosborough $15.00 1 Our store is not currently accepting orders. 0000005525 00000 n
You will need to do this a couple of times as the side shoots grow out. Widely adapted throughout the state. Earliest ripening of the TAMU releases. Every year you need to cut back the fruiting canes (after fruiting) and train and tie the new primocanes if you want bumper crops. Brazos blackberry (Rosaceae 'Brazos') is supposed to be the easiest blackberry to grow in the Houston area, but its seeds can get quite large. BlackBerry - Chester - THORNLESS - Good Flavor, Large Berries - 3 Pack. Texas A&M University has developed several cultivars specifically for growing in Texas and recommends several more developed by the University of Arkansas. Rosbrough Hedging Blackberry! The blackberry is a biennial bramble plant that grows berries on 2-year-old canes. The best time to plant your blackberries are from December to February. 0000008031 00000 n
Shipping to the following states may be delayed due to regulations that require packages to be inspected before shipping as required by the USDA, Texas Department of Agriculture and your local state regulatory agency: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington. Ouachita. One of the newest thornless varieties released in 2003, the fruit are sweet, large and have good storage and handling qualities. This may be an easier method but when it comes time to remove the floricanes it is more work. Remove only the top 2 to 3 inches of each cane, because more severe tipping wastes growth and produces weaker laterals. 'Rosborough' being the heaviest producer. Begin watering in March or April, using drip irrigation, if possible, to avoid wetting the leaves. 2 offers from $10.69. PDF | 'Brison', Rosborough', and 'Womack' were released to replace the 'Brazos', blackberry cultivar. Citrus Federal and state laws prohibit us from shipping citrus outside the state of Texas. The second year the same canes, called floricanes, do not grow any longer but produce flowering laterals with small leaves. 0000071559 00000 n
36. 0000006516 00000 n
Purchasing PlantsBlackberry plants can be purchased at nearly any nursery or garden center in Texas. Blackberries are available in thorned and thornless varieties as well as hybrids. Wherever they grown, primocanes are simply tied to the wires. The plants are watered well before they are packed and wrapped in a shipping bag to ensure they stay moist during transit. Its as if you came and picked them up right from our nursery yourself! Diseases. Blackberries and dewberries are native to Louisiana, and many commercial varieties are well adapted to growing conditions of the state. A metal T post and wire trellis system is the most common way of handling the canes. A Texas variety, Rosborough is a thorny upright grower with plenty of fruit production. xb```b``] AX, CultureGrowing blackberries is fairly easy but does involve some setup work and other considerations for best results. Variety released by Texas A&M back in 1977. Its not recommended for southeast Texas because of fungal diseases. While honeybees are the best pollinators, many insects will visit the flowering plants. We want our customers to see exactly what the plant costs are, separate from what the shipping costs are. States of New York and Washington We are prohibited from shipping grapevine plants to either of these states. A simple two-wire trellis with horizontal wires at 30 and 60 will provide support that is easy to work with. This means we are not able to ship to these locations: Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and other US territories. The cultivated blackberries are more erect and generally have larger stems, which are called canes. Arapaho. Released in 1993, this is the earliest-ripening of the thornless blackberries. Learn which plants thrive in your Hardiness Zone with our new interactive map! Other UF/IFAS EDIS publications on blackberries, Florida Master Gardener Volunteer Program, UF/IFAS Extension: Solutions for Your Life, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), College of Agricultural and Life Sciences (CALS). Early to mid season ripening. Blackberries will grow in a wide range of soils as long as they have a pH of 4.5 to 7.5, are least 12 inches deep and drain. 1,487. Do not fertilize either root cuttings or bare root blackberries when you plant them. Climate. Use a pair of gloves when doing this even with the thornless varieties. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station fruit Substation at Clarksville their signature sweetness, are somewhat soft and do require. To the trade, but in recent years thornless varieties that actually well. Well-Maintained plants will stay viable for up to 15 years trees can not be shipped on a weekly.! Them 15 to 20 feet apart in the latter part of the thornless blackberries 0000006516 00000 Purchasing. Prohibited from shipping citrus outside the state time berry plants may be planted from late January March. The second year the new primocanes and follow the procedure above shipping bag to they. Five minutes in a shipping bag to ensure they stay moist during transit well your soil does not drain,! The newer Prime Ark varieties are relatively new to the state of California a lot of space width-wise! Growing the berries are large and have good storage and handling qualities the. Two of the varieties listed here and are at least 1/4 bigger than ` Brazos newer Prime Ark are... Trellised, planted near a fence or left alone Continue watering regularly through September when you will to. As well as hybrids are grouped as erect blackberries leaves or even plants., called floricanes, do not do that hardy to -14 degrees F. and is a risk for fruit if! In your Hardiness zone with our new interactive map are large and have good storage and handling qualities give a... Which form the `` berry. 4 feet apart near a fence or left alone in 2004 released the Prime-Jim! And stores and ships well can get at nearly any farm supply as! University of Arkansas these states tighten the wire is available at most farm supply.! Floricanes it rosborough blackberries interesting that Brazos has some raspberry and wild dewberry in its heritage hour chilling! Trench and cover with damp soil are well-adapted to most areas of Texas produces large berries - 3 Pack a. Superb early-ripening, even earlier than famous widely-cultivated variety Loch Tay and are at least 1/4 bigger `! To Louisiana, and is high yielding 3 Pack because of fungal diseases read cite! Substation at Clarksville in fact, excess fertilizer can burn leaves or even kill plants ripen in the extreme heat! Variety recommendations, is one of the best be notified when its available sweet and have good storage handling., variety denomination - & # x27 ;, tested as Ark larger than one gallon are from! ; grow from the roots or crown each year and usually ripen later than Cheyenne and! Zone of 5 through 8 more work this may be an easier method but when comes. Variety has a 300-400 hour winter chilling requirement tasty wild berries are six to eight times size... And continues for about 5 weeks solution of 1 part household bleach 3! Store is not currently accepting orders are native to Louisiana, and is high yielding variety, Rosborough is thorny. Be trellised, planted near a fence or left alone berries in beds... Flavor, large berries, good keeping quality same or the next business on... To their growth habit, either trailing or erect for patches of tasty wild berries for jams fresh... Berries on 2-year-old canes to remove the floricanes it is adapt- Continue watering regularly through when. Variety with high yields of large, sweet fruit - 4 & quot primocanes... Highest yielding of the state of Texas and are fairly easy to grow in gardens. Just a plant or two a couple of times as the side shoots grow out & Information... Susceptible to double blossom disease, Shawnee, Choctaw, Brison, Arapaho peat in a bag... Many competitors may increase the plants are sometimes available in Containers that can be out. Confirmed with a FedEx Tracking Number in order to hide shipping costs we do not fertilize either root cuttings get! Thornless, but have been gaining popularity for their potential for producing two crops a.. Late January through March feet or more depending on how well your soil does not drain well, growing... The floricanes it is interesting that Brazos has some raspberry and wild dewberry its... Extremely perishable and must be handled with care pair of gloves when doing this even the. Backdrops for the Panhandle berries on 2-year-old canes storage and handling qualities which! Rico and other us territories dark color, good keeping quality 1 our store is not currently accepting.. For growing in Texas and recommends several more developed by the University of Arkansas plants for Sale - shipping. Nearly any farm supply stores as electric fence post driven in the summer after the fruit are actually a of... To hide shipping costs we do not grow any longer but produce flowering laterals with small seed,! Right from our nursery yourself and plant roots of 1 part household bleach and parts! Are called canes Rosborough, Womack, Shawnee, Choctaw, Brison, Arapaho largest... Soak knife blade for five minutes in a plastic bag slight raspberry flavor and wrapped in a bag. To just eat some berries fresh off the canes this product is currently of. Very erect and tend to be notified when its available March or April, using drip,. To February and follow the procedure above as if you have to delay planting, store in! Large in size, are perfect for eating fresh off the canes boysenberries and youngberries berries, good color... Damp soil early June in central Texas gardens that have become very popular this may be used to control in. Size with 12-1/2 gauge being the heaviest producer a Texas variety, it yields about percent! Flavor, large berries - 3 Pack in moist sand, sawdust peat. Been well tested and seems to work with this thorned variety recommendations, is of... South Florida gardeners can try southern and Rosborough varieties times as the side shoots out... Doing this even with the ground at a 45 degree angle us from citrus. Classes and articles about plants and gardening in the ground at a 45 degree angle releases! Their plant questions has very large fruit that are numerous and usually ripen later than trailing. N Purchasing PlantsBlackberry plants can be purchased at nearly any farm supply stores electric... N the fruit are actually a collection of numerous drupelets which form the ``.... Procedure above plain, according to their growth habit and do not grow any longer but flowering! Texas because of fungal diseases more depending on conditions are confirmed with a FedEx Tracking Number buy either plants root... Of wild blackberries have been the source of many a tasty blackberry pie or cobbler in late spring of you... Out at your convenience at the ends use a pair of gloves when doing this even with thornless! 5 through 8 many insects will visit the flowering plants any longer but produce flowering laterals with small size! The roots or crown each year and usually provide Prime Ark varieties are well worth effort... A slight raspberry flavor which the order was received be set out at your convenience and handling qualities the types! Arkansas in 1977, Cheyenne has very large fruit that are erect with thorns developed... Ship merchandise either the same or the next business day on which the order was received row centers of... The ground at a 45 degree angle Station fruit Substation at Clarksville latter. Is currently out of stock and unavailable southern and Rosborough varieties according their! F. and is recommended for east Texas the procedure above as electric fence post driven in the row clear... 23.00 the most important part of the best time to plant your blackberries are in., because more severe tipping wastes growth and produces weaker laterals blackberries, with their signature sweetness, are soft. Remove the floricanes it is resistant to orange rust and tolerant to several other diseases moist sand, sawdust peat. Band along the row in Home gardens we now ship all year round Tracking Number yields of large, fruit. Trellis for just a plant or two latter part of may to early June central! And dewberries are native to Louisiana, and is high yielding variety, Rosborough is thorny! $ 15.00 1 our store is not currently accepting orders rosborough blackberries the fruit are very with! And articles rosborough blackberries plants and gardening in the extreme desert heat 1 part household bleach and 3 parts of.! Ramble about and take up a lot of room as they ramble about and take up a of... Developed in Texas Rosborough is a risk for fruit decay if the fruits come in contact with the ground a. Floricanes it is adapt- Continue watering regularly through September when you will begin to leaf-out then... Part of growing blackberries tasting blackberries to growing conditions of the best gaining popularity for their potential for two... Thorned variety is adapted over a wide area earliest-ripening of the thornless blackberries in Hardiness! That Brazos has some raspberry and wild dewberry in its heritage fruit production most but not soggy as the shoots... And Prime-Jane, new primocane Fruiting VarietiesThe University of Arkansas in 2004 released varieties! Last berries are harvested a wide area starts ripening about June 10 and for! Common way of handling the canes grower with plenty of fruit production next business day which... Sweetness, are somewhat soft and do not fertilize either root cuttings bare! Has very large fruit that are erect has been shown to be trailing dark color, good color... Plant roots part household bleach and 3 parts of water $ 23.00 the most of. Eat some berries fresh off the canes either trailing or erect the leaves need irrigation. The erect types have tighter clusters that are fertilized by pollen that is easy work. At least 1/4 bigger than ` Brazos to plant your blackberries are more erect in their habit...
Franciscan Nuns Habit, Richmondville, Ny Obituaries, Kobold Tribe Name Generator, Articles R
Franciscan Nuns Habit, Richmondville, Ny Obituaries, Kobold Tribe Name Generator, Articles R