The graph in Figure 3P-4 shows supply and demand in the market for automobiles. Because intermediate sanctions rely on discretion there is an opportunity for: WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: A.too lenient B.lacking consistency C.indeterminate D.limited limited Most correctional clients in the United Judges sometimes acknowledged that life opportunities were severely . >>Bail d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences, d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences. d. assimilation. Challenging jurors for Which of the following is NOT one of the major models of incarceration that have dominated since the 1940s? >>Cross-examination c. transfer gang members to another institution. A major drawback of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that _______. d. violence. Most prisons are located in __________ areas. a. the Department of the Interior. b. the Department of Justice. >>Rebuttal For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment? a. place them with a gang. employer. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. They include wider nets, stronger nets, and __________. c. assured. c. 20-29 >>Evidence Children of people who have been incarcerated. Name the 18th-century scholar who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system. Sentencing guidelines systems can typically be characterized by one or more of the following goals and purposes: Rational and Consistent Sentencing d. uncertain. His bank offers him an APR of 3.32% He wants to compare monthly payments on a 20- and a 30-year mortgage. d. mental illness. d. House arrest, Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate ________in prison populations? b. Most sanctions in Western democracies do NOT involve______. a. gather national statistics on prison rape.
60,000
Required: Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? c. elderly
$1,200,000
a. situational offenders. d. Acquitted. b. This is commonly referred to as the judge's Over __________ dollars in fines is collected annually in the United States. When compared to men, the offenses women commit are usually b. the Secret Service. Which of the following are not street-level bureaucrats? What case was instrumental in ensuring that women's prisons had programs comparable to that of male prisons? a. rehabilitative A widespread misconception of rape led it to be defined as _________. The process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of the prison society and learns to adapt to the environment is known as:
950,000
d. affiliation. The invention of the penitentiary, where incarcerated people could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world. For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? According to the author, the general rule of architecture, including prisons, is that form follows: b. too lenient. a. c. egalitarian According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the key issues facing corrections today? a. research He or she will note that the jurors are to base their conclusions on the evidence as presented in the trial, and that the opening and closing arguments of the lawyers are not evidence. d. super-max prisons. According to community-based corrections the goal of the criminal justice system is to ______. >>Motions Instead, a judge who is using that tactic will usually do two things: Appear to favour in court the party that is going to lose Thoroughly discussing (and rejecting) opposing case law in their decision The first case recognized by the Supreme Court that recognized incarcerated persons' rights involved a case of _____. Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the: >>Jury Deliberations c. prison code. Evaluations show that those who are sent to boot camp following an offense may improve in ________. d. All of these, Generally, women's prisons lack not only adequate vocational and educational programs but also: Prison based programs designed for women often include which of the following: b. place them in protective custody unit. _______ of those convicted receive a community sentence such as a fine or probation.
In which part of the correctional system's work does correctional staff not have a regular part? d. created interest in the operations of the modern prison among the general public.
400,000
In a typical group of 30 or so young adults, it is likely that ________ has been locked up. According to the retributive justice model of punishment, those who commit a particular crime should be punished ___________. c. Federal Bureau of Investigation Which important sociological scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, and actually help to define norms and expectation for conformity? The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. This sometimes occurs before closing arguments.) The judge reads the instructions to the jury. a. obvious. d. none of these. Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor or pretrial diversion? Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances exist. It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. During the early 1960s, the US Supreme Court decided to require state governments to ________ most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. Your membership has expired - last chance for uninterrupted access to free CLE and other benefits. September30throughDecember31,2018January1throughFebruary28,2019March1throughApril30,2019$2,200,000800,000400,000. a. more severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment is known as a(n) ___________. Prison The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement ______________. Many newer correctional facilities, especially maximum-security facilities, have been built in the _______ style . Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? Money or other compensation is awarded to a plaintiff in a civil action when the person sued has ______ liability. The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. Response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the ______ century. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that convicted people have had it too soft, resulting in ________. b. gleaning. In most states and in the federal courts, only the judge determines the sentence to be imposed. WebCommon complaints of ethical misconduct include improper demeanour; failure to properly disqualify when the judge has a conflict of interest; engaging in ex parte communication and failure to execute their judicial duties in a timely fashion. Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were: >>Discovery The _______ came to be known as the Era of Treatment, in which many states adopted the medical model of corrections. a. too harsh. A steel tariff increases the price of steel. In prison terminology the "fish" is a(n): b. sheriff's They may as a result be accused of being out of touch or too soft, but sometimes this stems from a misunderstanding about the scope of their role in the criminal justice system. a. is well below that of men. a. Find, to the nearest dollar, the difference in the monthly payments for these two loans. b. scare tactics. d. restitution. c. not given corporal punishment as men were. Courthouses with just two judges sometimes had larger sentencing differences than courthouses The Military Commissions Act restricted unlawful enemy combatants rom filing ________ petitions. The judge reads the instructions to the jury. b.
150,000
Home confinement is best suited to: 1. In comparison to men's facilities, women's prisons have: In 2003 the Prison Rape Elimination Act was created in order to:
Net sales
c. control debt-collection rackets within the institution. The right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment is found is which Amendment? Which of the following is not a purpose of gangs in prison?
Interest expense
d. there aren't enough offenders to make it work. WebSentencing judges must weigh all aggravating and mitigating factors and state on the record the reasons for their sentencing choices. b. more voluntary than in male prisons. Which of the following is NOT one of the main problems with the use of intermediate sanctions? >>Arrest Procedures d. disciplinary actions. To combat ambiguities in classification correctional administration have started using _________. 10 to 20 percent New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. Which state has the lowest levels of known gang affiliation/participation in their prison population? d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. Mediation, American Bar Association b. women's sentences are generally short.
300,000
b. less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. b. medium security >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | d. elderly inmate.
In most jurisdictions, prosecutors must 18,000 Most prisons today employ a _________ model. Judges sometimes complain The principle that punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense is called _______. c. Wilmington d. mentally ill. Of the following populations who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? d. Gang, Each year approximately ___________ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates. a. more violent than in male prisons. Some criminals get away with the crime that they have done. *Steps in a Trial* WebThe judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to: b. Trenton b. always a. telephone-pole design. In the 1800s, jails began to change in response to __________. a. it is too impersonal. The American penitentiary was first conceptualized by _________. Write formulas that express the central tendency and variability of the population of all possible sample proportions. Judicial discretion gives >>Motions after Verdict Almost 60 percent of American's jails ________ clients for at least some of the medical care they receive. Early evaluations of intensive supervision found that __________. a. jailing. d. doing time. Development costs were incurred as follows: September30throughDecember31,2018$2,200,000January1throughFebruary28,2019800,000March1throughApril30,2019400,000\begin{array}{lr}\text { September } 30 \text { through December } 31,2018 & \$ 2,200,000 \\ \text { January } 1 \text { through February } 28,2019 & 800,000 \\ \text { March } 1 \text { through April } 30,2019 & 400,000\end{array} Movement within the continuum of sanctions is contingent upon: c. performance at each level of sentencing accountability. >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts
Common stock, $10 par
Prepare the journal entries to record the development costs in 2018 and 2019. >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts
700,000
Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for _________.
1,000,000
Sentencing guidelines have been widely adopted for the purpose of reducing _______ in sentencing. c. medical services. b. minority offenders. b. deganging
Long-term liabilities
________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment. Whites and juveniles c. unclear. The law which is distinguished from church law is called _____. d. more harshly than men. Release on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that _______ give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trial. a. gather national statistics on prison rape. b.
22,000
b. too lenient. The number of items that a prisoner may purchase or receive through legitimate channels ____________from state to state and from facility to facility: d. guards. The mentally ill c. "bug juice." During 2019, revenue of $1,000,000\$ 1,000,000$1,000,000 was recognized. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey: (The main exception is that in most states juries impose sentence in cases where the death penalty is a possibility.) >>Arrest Procedures The design of most women's prisons is the: In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. The judge has many different types of sentences to consider: Concurrent (at the same time) or consecutive (one after another) Determinate (a fixed amount of time) or indeterminate (a minimum and maximum amount of time) Deferred until a later time Suspended sentence And others a. inmates. .tg .tg-0pky{border-color:inherit;text-align:left;vertical-align:top} d. fire fighting. >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense _______ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an incarcerated individual to obtain marks toward early release. >>Verdict A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each person held per day is __________. a. Dalton The movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is referred to as the _______ movement. An amount of money paid to the victims of a crime or to their relatives. >>Settling Cases d. 80 to 90 percent. >>Opening Statements >>Opening Statements The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is __________ in the total U.S. population. b. a. prisonization. c. the National Institute of Justice. c. significantly affected the delivery of programs. Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does NOT overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? b.
Which of the following correctional change can be attributed to the incarcerated persons' rights movement? Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. Correctional leaders have found the best way to weaken prison gangs is to: d. intermediate sanctions. https://quizlet.com/97734104/corrections-ch-9-12-regionals-flash-cards The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which incarcerated people were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and _____. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/sentencing, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. Regaining custody of children A(n) __________ is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens' complaints against government officials. __________ is an institutional for the incarceration of people convicted of crimes, usually felonies. References to "types" of clients means they ________. d. custodial, Some Prisons are operated under the direction of: The most slippery concept in the classification of clients is that of the ________. Prior to the 1960s, courts maintained a(n) __________ with respect to corrections. One of the limitations of the use of probation is that _______. Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by ______. b. Of the following populations, who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? a. career criminal. Correctional treatment programs have proven to be effective with _____. d. politics. One example of corporal punishment is _______. d. only recently. The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal to. The courts have upheld the right of female corrections officers to pat down ________.
judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: