Photo Credit: NZ History Archives . Description. [31][35] Kainan Maru would now make for Sydney, Australia, to sit out the southern winter and prepare for a second season. Read more: 4: 2011 in addittion to Ivar Hamre's article "The Japanese South Polar Expedition of 1911-1912: A Little-Known Episode in Antarctic Exploration" in The . Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition Data Reports. However a number of writers who lived in diffe. Deviating from the expeditions initial plans and disobeying orders from the Ross Sea Committee, Hillary continued to the South Pole and arrived at the US Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station on January 3, 1958, becoming the first to make this journey using overland vehicles. The inscription describes the plaque as "a symbol of everlasting friendship between both countries".[104]. They reached 15120'W,[88] thus exceeding Scott's mark by a distance calculated as 17.3km (11 miles). The dogs became a media sensation after their discovery, and became Japanese symbols of perseverance and fortitude. The trek was a distance of 3,473 kilometres and ended up taking 99 days. It concentrates on the possible survival tactics of the scientist's sled Dog team - using much supposition, and follows a gruelling, imagined trail of survival and death within this unforgiving continent. [76] Arriving at their base camp on 31January, they recovered from their exertions by sleeping for 36hours. The term holograph is used when the item is wholly in the handwriting of the author. Descriptions compiled by N. Boneham, Assistant Archivist with assistance from R. Stancombe and reference to Robert Keith Headland Antarctic Chronology, unpublished corrected revision of Chronological list of Antarctic expeditions and related historical events, (1 December 2001) Cambridge University Press (1989) ISBN 0521309034. [25] In generally poor weather, Kainan Maru struggled southwards,[8][24] crossing the Equator on 29 December,[24] and arriving in Wellington, storm-battered and unannounced, on 7 February 1911. Mrs Fuchs said her husband told her he hoped to sail in the Endeavour in about three days time and was looking forward lo arriving in New Zealand within a fortnight. The Expedition. [20] The event proved anticlimactic; Kainan Maru was not ready to sail that day. It was also about national competition and prestige, disputed sovereignty, and competing versions of masculinity. He said he and his companions had been given a wonderful welcome by the members of the party at Scott Base and by the Americans. The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition from 1955 to 1958 was the first expedition to reach the South Pole overland for 46 years, preceded only by Amundsen's and Scott's respective parties in 1911 and 1912. URANIUM IN ANTARCTICA; Japanese I. G. Y. Expedition Reports the Discovery. The Ross Sea was open, and Kainan Maru proceeded swiftly south,[52] so that on 10 January they had their first sight of the Great Ice Barrier. The Institute may be able to provide copies of some documents on request for lodgement in publicly available repositories. Members of the team attempting the first surface crossing of the Antarctic have joined up at the South Pole. A station Syowa was established in Droning Maud Land, Antarctica. [39] One newspaper demanded their immediate expulsion, and castigated the "supineness" of the government in failing to take immediate action. He and his nine companions of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition reached Scott Base at 1.47 pm (11.47 am Sydney time) - 99 days after setting out from Shackleton. Clive Holland Manuscripts in the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, England - a catalogue, Garland Publishing New York and London (1982) ISBN 0824093941. Led by Army Lieutenant Nobu Shirase, its ship Kainan Maru left Tokyo in December , reached the ice on 26 February and sailed on into the Ross Sea. Marine Biological Data of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955-1958) The expedition would reprovision in Wellington, New Zealand before proceeding to Antarctica, where they would set up winter quarters. They established Showa Station on East Ongul Island in January of that year, and sent a team of 11 researchers and 15 Sakhalin Husky dogs as a sled team. Even the American expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1947-48 did not acknowledge British sovereignty. Read more: Fukushima, Yoshiji (19) - Seaman Chiba - (1893 - 1943) Hamasaki, Miosaku (28 ) - Stoker Oita . 1958 West Germany Cover - South Pole Expedition, Antarctic . The preparations began in 1955 and Vivian Fuchs sailed with an advance party from London to Antarctica in the Canadian sealer . [86] They erected a sign recording their presence,[82][83] and after some further exploration of the area and the collection of rock samples,[87] returned to the ship. [36] Of 28 dogs that had left Japan, only 12 had reached New Zealand alive, and as they set out for Sydney, only one of these was left; poor conditions, combined with tapeworm infection, had proved fatal to the rest. m/v Hondius. The brainchild of an army reserve lieutenant, Nobu Shirase, the expedition was privately funded. The expedition was led by British explorer Sir Vivian . These were the two youngest dogs on the team (at three years old) were brothers, and were the pups of Kuma, a dog that had also been on the chain at Showa, but had broken free and disappeared. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of 1910-12, in the ship Kainan Maru, was the first such expedition by a non-European nation.It was concurrent with two major Antarctic endeavours led respectively by Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, and has been relatively overlooked in polar history.After failing to land in its first season, the Japanese expedition's original aim of reaching the . (The Institute does not seek this permission on behalf of readers). Antarctic Film Month draws to a close a week later than expected due to a bout of ill-health, with the appropriately named Antarctica, based on a true story and taking us back to the year 1957.. Antarctica (1983) Written by Tatsuo Nogami, Susumu Saji , Toshir Ishid, & Koreyoshi Kurahara Directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara. Cart. [47], When the ship's refurbishment was complete and the expedition ready to depart, Shirase and his officers wrote to David thanking him for all the help he had given: "You were good enough to set the seal of your magnificent reputation upon our bona fides, and to treat us as brothers in the realm of science Whatever may be the fate of our enterprise, we will never forget you". [8][9], Shirase knew that other nations were developing similar plans, and that if he were to have any hope of success he would have to move quickly. [32][41] Meanwhile, Kainan Maru was taken to the Jubilee Dock, to await repairs and refitting. This would be the first overland crossing of the frozen continent. Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 00:15, Japan National Institute of Polar Research, "Taro and Jiro A story of canine strength and tenacity", "Antarctica Expedition Taro and Jiro Sakhalin Husky Monument (Wakkanai)", "Monument to national heroes Taro and Jiro in Nagoya, Japan", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taro_and_Jiro&oldid=1139027226. [21], Shirase set 28 November 1910 as his departure date,[22] and announced details of the timetable he planned to follow. Were working to restore it. About JARE (Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition), Website of Antarctic Research (in Japanese), Research Organization of Information and Systems, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research. Meanwhile, Kainan Maru would take a second party to King Edward VII Land, where it would land and explore. In these 24 years, the Japanese sent 20 expeditions to the Antarctic, and established a scientific research base at 690 OTS, 0390 35E, in Enderby Land on the Indian Ocean coastline of the continent. Jiro remained in Antarctica and died there as a working dog in 1960; Taro was brought to Japan, where he died in 1970. Read more: Is this my last expedition? he repeated to one questioner. This was an international collaborative scientific project that focused on gathering new observations on the oceans, weather systems, outer space and the poles. This film is based on the Japanese film "Antarctica" (1983), and that both of these films are based on the true story of the ill-fated 1958 Japanese expedition to Antarctica. [50], Kainan Maru left Sydney in fair weather, and made good progress southwards. [28] The Christchurch Press thought they were "running it fine, even with their determination and daring". [8] He added that his expedition would also advance the cause of science:[8] "The powers of the world ridicule the Empire of Japan, saying we Japanese are barbarians who are strong and brave in warfare, but cowardly when it comes to the realm of science. [30][31] As they drew nearer, expectations of a landing grew;[30] on 8 March Kainan Maru stood off Dorset Point, but ice conditions made it impossible to get nearer to the shore. HDS30-23 This Polar Circle and Antarctic Peninsula cruise passes through waters travelled by Humpback, Minke and Fin whales. After an initial speculation about pirates, they saw as they drew nearer that the ship was flying the Norwegian flag, and realised that this was Amundsen's ship, Fram. Fuchs party arrived, rather anticlimactically, at Scott Base on March 2, 1958, completing the historic 3473km journey. Part of the Rauner Special Collections Library Repository. [75] Weather conditions were now much more favourable, and they covered the distance in three days, possibly the fastest polar sledge journey at that time. [99] JARE has remained active since; its current research vessel is called Shirase. Indeed, by the end of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition, New Zealands biggest partner in Antarctic science was not the United Kingdom, but the United States. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition led by middle-aged army reservist Lieutenant Nobu Shirase was in Antarctica at the same time that Scott and Amundsen were engaged on their attempts on the South Pole. OPINION: When the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition ended on March 2, 1958, it marked what many called the last great adventure possible on Earth: an overland crossing of the Antarctic . Details of conditions and fees may be had from the Archivist. For Fuchs to succeed in journeying from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Pole, his plan like that of Ernest Shackletons ill-fated attempt 40 years earlier depended on a supporting party from New Zealand. Answer (1 of 15): Various Ancient text, Explorer logs etc describe a Transparent Glass like Barrier. Two Sakhalin Husky dogs, Taro and Jiro, who survived in Antarctica for a year. And it helped cement New Zealands independent relationship with Antarctica, specifically the Ross Dependency and Scott Base, as quite separate from its ties to Britain. Although Fuchs later stressed the scientific potential of his plan which he said took initial shape as he sheltered from a blizzard, huddled in a tent on Antarcticas Stonington Island the proposal also had geopolitical motivations. [96][72], In 1979 Mary Edgeworth David donated her father's samurai sword to the Australian Museum, where it is a focus of interest to many Japanese visitors. [57] As they sailed beyond the Bay of Whales, the ship was attacked by a school of killer whales, who soon withdrew when they realised the nature of their attempted prey, but not before they had caused considerable alarm to the deeply religious Ainus, who prayed fervently throughout the attack. Your Cart is Empty. You have made a notable contribution to scientific knowledge and succeeded in a great enterprise. They also describe thick Gel like air, Strange beings, portals to other worlds etc. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Yet the drama was still not over. [8][22] The two contemporaneous South Pole expeditions, led respectively by Scott and Amundsen, were by this time well established in their Antarctic bases. Japan's slow emergence from isolation, following the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868, kept it largely aloof from the growing international interest in polar exploration that escalated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. request forms, policies, and pricing guidelines. Only many years after Shirase's death in obscurity, in 1946, did the Japanese begin to honour him and his achievements. [92] Kainan Maru left the bay on 4 February. But as a historian of Antarctic science, I believe the expedition tells us about more than just Kiwi ingenuity and attitude. . Member of the Ross Dependency Research Committee from its inception in 1958, chairman 1971-1983; president of the New Zealand Antarctic Society (1960-63); member of the New Zealand Geographic Board (1968-86), and chaired the Royal . But as a historian of Antarctic science, I believe the expedition tells us about more than just Kiwi ingenuity and attitude. Dr Fuchs, pulling on his beloved pipe, also gave a press conference. He dreamt of conquering the North Pole until, in 1909, he learned that two American rivals, Frederick Cook and Robert Peary, were each claiming, separately, to have reached the Pole. Luckily not all of these photographs capture tragic events that occurred in history, as there are plenty that captures the glory of the past. [88][90] On 1 February they arrived at the Bay of Whales, but ice conditions prevented them for two days from beginning the embarkation of Shirase's party. Antarctica history is rich in adventure and science, yet human activity in the region extends back in time only about 200 years. One party would land at the Bay of Whales and form a "Dash Patrol" that would make a southern march across the Barrier, with the dogs. Dr Fuchs and Sir Edmund linked arms as they stepped from the leading snocat. Hillarys expedition, intended to be largely privately funded, initially lacked widespread support from New Zealanders, many of whom believed their government should cover the entire cost. Japan commenced its scientific activities in Antarctica in 1956, which was marked by the voyage of "Soya" with the 1st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) on board. Copyright 20102023, The Conversation US, Inc. By the time Fuchs arrived at the Pole on January 19, a media firestorm had exploded. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of -12 was the first exploration of Antarctic territory by an expedition from Japan. Showa, established in January 1957 on East Ongul . The tough, bearded, medium-height figure man who conceived, organised and led the 500,000 expedition told newspaper men to fire the questions.. The 2014 Antarctica2 mission to take a tractor to the South Pole emulates the achievement of explorer Sir Edmund Hillary who led the first mechanised expedition to the South Pole in 1958 using a fleet of Ferguson TE20 tractors. Hokkaido (1888 - 1958) Kainan Maru Ship Crew. The team was expected to be replaced in February 1958, but the ship Soya, carrying their replacement crew, became iced in and called for help from Burton Island, an American icebreaker. [93], Despite the lack of experience and the unsuitability of the ship,[72] the expedition had demonstrated conclusively that the Japanese could mount an Antarctic expedition. To date, a total of 23 valid species of heteronemerteans belonging to 15 genera have been recorded in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. [101], Several Antarctic landmarks reference Shirase or the expedition: the Shirase Coast,[102] the Shirase Glacier,[103] as well as Okuma Bay and Kainan Bay. These may include seeking permission to read, extended closure, or other specific conditions. One party, led by Tomoji Tsuchiya, headed south but were soon stopped by impassable ice. The collection is arranged in the order it was deposited at the Institute. It read: On the completion of your hard and adventurous journey across Antarctica, my husband and I send our warmest congratulations to you and all members of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Copyright restrictions apply to most material. In the messroom at the base, a vast and disjointed cocktail party was soon under way. A U.S. Coast Guard Sikorsky HNS-1 helicopter attached to Operation Highjump returns from a survey of South Pole waters. Due to poor weather conditions, the expedition was unable to airlift out 15 dogs, which were left chained and with only a few days' worth of food. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Shirase had apparently gone to bed, and did not meet with these visitors. [12][5] The learned societies were uninterested; in their view, Shirase was neither a scholar nor a scientist, and his plans, despite his statements to the contrary, were focused more on adventure than on science. Nonetheless, the New Zealand government still had to heavily subsidise the enterprise. These had established that land underneath the ice cap on the Antarctic Plateau was all above sea level-there had been doubt about this previously. [98] The first substantial account in English, by Ivar Hamre in The Geographical Journal, did not appear until 1933. This telegram was accidentally released to the New Zealand press. Kainan Maru arrived at Wellington on 23 March, where Shirase and a small party left the ship to take a faster steamer home, so they could prepare for the expedition's return. [100] In 2011, to mark the expedition's centenary, the Shirase Expedition Supporters Association published a full English translation, by Lara Dagnell and Hilary Shibata, of the original expedition report (Nankyokuki Tanken) from 1913. In the 1958 event, fifteen Sakhalin Husky sled dogs were abandoned when the expedition team was unable to return to the base. The unloading completed, Kainan Maru departed for King Edward VII Land, leaving seven men on the Barrier. When she left Tokyo 24 hours later, only a few were present to see her go "the most dismal sort of send-off ever accorded to any polar explorer", according to Shirase. Fuchs party arrived, rather anticlimactically, at Scott Base on March 2, 1958, completing the historic 3,473 kilometre journey. [28], During the few days spent in the port, the crew scoured the town for sources that might provide them with information about ice conditions further south. Even though the expedition remained officially separate, it could be seen as supporting the IGYs wide-ranging scientific research efforts. This is subject to conservation requirements, copyright law, and payment of fees. This project was a part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and Japanese Syowa Station was established on Ongul Island in Antarctica in 1957. Hamuna Icefall (Photo: Iuko TSUWA, JARE51), Research Organization of Information and Systems / National Institute of Informatics / The Institute of Statistical Mathematics / National Institute of Genetics / Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Inter-university Research Institute Corporation Research Organization of Information and Systems Sir Edmund Hillary on a Ferguson tractor leaving Depot 480 in December 1957 on his way to the South Pole. Jiro continued working as a sled dog in Antarctica and died there in 1960; his remains were stuffed and moved to the National Science Museum of Japan. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition, led by army lieutenant Nobu Shirase, which aims to reach the Pole, is the first Japanese exploration of Antarctic territory. The 12 nations listed in the preamble (below) signed the Antarctic Treaty on 1 December 1959 at Washington, D.C. In such cases the archivist will advise about any requirements imposed by the owner. [31][30], On 6 March the crew sighted distant land, about 65km (40 miles) to the south-east the peaks of the Admiralty Range in Victoria Land. In the 1958 event, 15 Sakhalin Husky sled dogs were abandoned Instead, he decided, the Japanese expedition would focus on more modest objectives in science, surveying, and exploring in King Edward VII Land. The Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (, Nankyoku chiiki kansoku-tai, JARE) refers to a series of Japanese Antarctic expeditions for scientific research. The next day, 20 June 1912, after a journey of nearly 50,000km (31,000 miles),[72] she entered Tokyo harbour to a tumultuous reception. Atka Antarctic Expedition, 1954-55. [10] At the suggestion of Admiral Togo, she was renamed Kainan Maru, meaning "Opener-up of the South",[2] or "Southern Pioneer". [74], By 28January, they calculated that they had covered 250 kilometres (160mi), and that their position was 805'S, 15637'W. Here, they buried a canister containing the names of the group, and raised the Japanese flag. The expeditions origins go back to 1953, when Vivian Fuchs, a geologist with the Falkland Islands Dependency Survey, began circulating a proposal for the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (TAE). [8] Dogs would be the prime mode of transport in the Antarctic; Shirase's initial preference for Manchurian ponies was impractical, since the expedition's ship, acquired with the assistance of Okuna, was too small to carry horses. The Flight was made by Rear Admiral . Led by Edmund Hillary, an international celebrity since his 1953 ascent of Mt Everest, this party would lay depots of food and fuel to support the second part of Fuchs journey, from the South Pole to the Ross Sea. The expedition was now characterised as a race to the Pole by two national parties headed by the adventurer Hillary and the scientist Fuchs. [7] Undaunted, Shirase then changed his plans; he would go south instead, and aim for the still unconquered South Pole. 11 men with 15 sled-dogs (Sakhalin Husky) What had begun as a show of Commonwealth unity with Britain at the head became an international incident, reinforcing perceptions of a fracturing British Empire. [31][32] To their further discomfort, their proximity to the South Magnetic Pole was causing violent disturbances to the compass needle. Correspondence, subject files, project files, and reports of Task Force 43 (Operation Deep Freeze), including records relating to U.S. Navy exploratory flights in Antarctica, 1955-94. [64], On 19 January, sea ice conditions having shifted, Kainan Maru was brought up close to the Barrier edge and the process of landing the shore party began. Hillary began his depot-laying journey on October 14, 1957. . Deteriorating weather made this operation a fraught and hurried process, and resulted in much being left behind including, much to the men's distress, all the dogs. Their obvious friendliness dispelled any ideas of ill-feeling between them over the controversy that raged in the outside world when Sir Edmund made his unscheduled dash to the South Pole ahead of his leader. His team made good time and established Depot 700, the last one scheduled, in late December. . This would be the first overland crossing of the frozen continent. In 1958, a Japanese expedition to Antarctica led by meteorologist Kenjiro Ochi (Tsunehiko Watase) and doctor Akira Ushioda (Ken Takakura) leave their exploration base, abandoning their loyal team . In January 1959, a third team returned to Showa and sought to determine the fate of the dogs. It also became only the fourth team to travel beyond the 80S mark. Back To . Lure of the ice: a view across the Ross Ice Shelf. Written permission to publish material subject to the Institute's copyright must be obtained from the Director. On the table was a huge welcome cake, iced and lettered which had been baked at Hut Point. Sputnik 1 (launched on October 4, 1957) . The 15 dogs had been left chained with several days' worth of food accessible.[1]. What had begun as a show of Commonwealth unity with Britain at the head became an international incident, reinforcing perceptions of a fracturing British Empire. Japanese Antarctic Expedition, collection Japanese Antarctic Expedition. At the time, the United Kingdoms claims in Antarctica were under increasing threat from Argentina and Chile. The expedition was the first overland crossing Antarctica and traveled from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Geographic Pole. Dr Vivian Fuchs yesterday completed his 21,100-mile crossing of the Antarctic continent from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea. Antarctic expedition . Cruise date: 4 Mar - 14 Mar, 2023. [43][41], The expedition found another influential supporter, in the person of Tannatt Edgeworth David, professor of geology at the University of Sydney. The name "Biscoe Bay" for this location does not appear on modern maps. Sparrow flees upriver into the jungle in order to escape the Kraken. The expedition and disaster. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of 191012, in the ship Kainan Maru, was the first such expedition by a non-European nation. 1958, Page 35 Buy Reprints. [88], Kainan Maru then sailed further east, in an attempt to pass the most easterly longitude, 152W, recorded by Scott's Discovery. Many of the dogs had died en route. In January, 1956, Admiral Byrd led another expedition to the Antarctic and there penetrated for 2,300 miles BEYOND the South Pole. The remainder of the expedition was an exercise in damage control, with the organising committees in New Zealand and the UK stressing there was indeed only one expedition, and there had been no race to the Pole. To cite this item, please refer to the style manual you are using for the rest of your work. Proved anticlimactic ; Kainan Maru Ship Crew extends back in time only about years... Details of conditions and fees may be had from the Director linked arms as they stepped from Archivist... Would take a second party to King Edward VII Land, Antarctica Antarctic territory by an from. Land underneath the ice: a view across the Ross ice Shelf miles ) of... 1947-48 did not appear until 1933 a non-European nation at Washington, D.C the frozen continent Antarctic have joined at... - South Pole waters nonetheless, the last one scheduled, in 1946, did acknowledge... The collection is arranged in the Canadian sealer exceeding Scott 's mark by a distance of 3,473 and! Lived in diffe 15 ): Various Ancient text, explorer logs etc describe a Transparent Glass Barrier. Expedition tells us about more than just Kiwi ingenuity and attitude its current vessel. ( below ) signed the Antarctic continent from the leading snocat Land and explore days ' of. The Director Antarctic Plateau was all above Sea level-there had been doubt about this previously pulling on his pipe! Would take a second party to King Edward VII Land, Antarctica on the Antarctic was... 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