(Added Nov. 6, 2001.) The Governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. The records of an office of constable declared dormant are transferred to the county clerk of the county. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. (1) Subject to the further provisions of this Section, the Legislature shall provide for the retirement and compensation of Justices and Judges of the Appellate Courts and District and Criminal District Courts on account of length of service, age and disability, and for their reassignment to active duty where and when needed. The Extradition Clause requires that fugitives from justice be extradited on the demand of executive authority of the state from which they flee. (Feb. 15, 1876. (Added Nov. 4, 1958; Subsecs. 13. In a panel of three Judges, two Judges shall constitute a quorum and the concurrence of two Judges shall be necessary for a decision. Any Justice or Judge of the courts established by this Constitution or created by the Legislature as provided in Section 1, Article V, of this Constitution, may, subject to the other provisions hereof, be removed from office for willful or persistent violation of rules promulgated by the Supreme Court of Texas, incompetence in performing the duties of the office, willful violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct, or willful or persistent conduct that is clearly inconsistent with the proper performance of his duties or casts public discredit upon the judiciary or administration of justice. (a) The Supreme Court shall consist of the Chief Justice and eight Justices, any five of whom shall constitute a quorum, and the concurrence of five shall be necessary to a decision of a case; provided, that when the business of the court may require, the court may sit in sections as designated by the court to hear argument of causes and to consider applications for writs of error or other preliminary matters. The first three articles establish the three branches of government and their powers: Legislative (Congress), Executive (office of the President,) and Judicial (Federal court system). If such District is created, it may be authorized to levy a tax not to exceed seventy-five cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollar ($100) valuation of taxable property within the District; provided, however, no tax may be levied until approved by a majority vote of the participating resident qualified voters. Sec. 3. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 8, 1966, Nov. 8, 1977, and Nov. 6, 2001.) (2) No part of any existing county shall be detached from it and attached to another existing county until the proposition for such change shall have been submitted, in such manner as may be provided by law, to a vote of the voters of both counties, and shall have received a majority of those voting on the question in each. 19. Later, Chief Justice John Marshall suggested that the judgment of one state court must be recognized by other states' courts as final. (g) added Nov. 4, 1997; Subsec. No judge shall sit in any case wherein the judge may be interested, or where either of the parties may be connected with the judge, either by affinity or consanguinity, within such a degree as may be prescribed by law, or when the judge shall have been counsel in the case. protection by the Government; the enjoyment of life and liberty the right of a citizen of one State to pass through, or to reside in any other State, for purposes of trade, agriculture, professional pursuits, or otherwise; to claim the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus; to institute and maintain actions of any kind in the courts of the State; to take, hold and dispose of property, either real or personal; and an exemption from higher taxes or impositions than are paid by the other citizens of the State. 2: See Appendix, Note 1.). 10, "Hence it is that such democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths.". (Feb. 15, 1876. While the Supreme Court's holding in Luther v. Borden still holds today, the Court, by looking to the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (adopted 19 years after Luther v. Borden was decided), has developed new criteria for determining which questions are political in nature and which are justiciable. In 1864, during the Civil War, an effort to repeal this clause of the Constitution failed. 2: See Appendix, Note 3.). If the tax is authorized by the legislature and approved by the voters of the area to be taxed, the Amarillo Hospital District shall, by resolution, assume the responsibilities, obligations, and liabilities of Randall County in accordance with Subsection (a) of this section and, except as provided by this subsection, Randall County may not levy taxes or issue bonds for hospital purposes or for providing hospital care for needy inhabitants of the county. The motives of the governor demanding the extradition may not be questioned. Said courts shall have such other jurisdiction, original and appellate, as may be prescribed by law. The Guarantee Clause mandates that all U.S. states must be grounded in republican principles such as the consent of the governed. (Added Aug. 14, 1883; amended Nov. 6, 2001.) When the judge of the County Court is disqualified in any case pending in the County Court the parties interested may, by consent, appoint a proper person to try said case, or upon their failing to do so a competent person may be appointed to try the same in the county where it is pending in such manner as may be prescribed by law. Sec. If the vote is favorable, then admission may be granted to such county or counties by the Board of Directors of the then existing Authority upon such terms and conditions as they may agree upon and evidenced by a resolution approved by two-thirds (2/3rds) of the then existing Board of Directors. (h) added Nov. 5, 2002.) (a) The supreme court and the court of criminal appeals have jurisdiction to answer questions of state law certified from a federal appellate court. JURISDICTION OF SUPREME COURT. Until otherwise provided, the terms of the County Court shall be held on the first Mondays in February, May, August and November, and may remain in session three weeks. Some examples of how the government was restricted were: The structure of the current constitution of Texas (Constitution of 1876) is a Preamble, 17 Articles, and 491 Amendments (Since 2015)3. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Aug. 25, 1945, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 6, 2001; Subsec. Sec. Ralph dies without having made a will. 3: See Appendix, Note 3. Texas voters later decide whether to adopt the proposed amendments. The county or counties that may be so added to the then existing Authority shall be given representation on the Board of Directors by adding additional directors in proportion to their population according to the last preceding Federal Census. Sec. 14. COUNTY COURT; COUNTY JUDGE. Nothing in this amendment shall increase the rights of any riparian or littoral landowner with regard to beaches available to the public by virtue of public right or submerged lands. reference to the US were replaced with references to the Confederacy. Sec. 3-b. Should the Legislature enact legislation in anticipation of the adoption of this amendment, such legislation shall not be invalid by reason of its anticipatory character. The Full Faith and Credit Clause requires states to extend "full faith and credit" to the public acts, records and court proceedings of other states. Sec. 312 (1839), the court heard a case where one party obtained a judgment in South Carolina and sought to enforce it in Georgia, which had a statute of limitations that barred actions on judgments after a certain amount of time had passed since the judgment was entered. The current governor is Greg Abbott, who took office in 2015. 3a: See Appendix, Note 3.). Sec. An information is a written instrument presented to a court by an attorney for the State charging a person with the commission of an offense. Since the 1987 case of Puerto Rico v. Branstad, federal courts may also use the Extradition Clause to require the extradition of fugitives. This article makes a personal income tax unlikely in Texas because: registered voters in the state must approve a personal income tax. 1. This provision was invoked by Colorado governor Elias M. Ammons in 1914 during the Colorado Coalfield War, as a result of which President Woodrow Wilson sent federal troops to the state.[22]. The commissioners court may reinstate an office of constable declared dormant by vote of the commissioners court or by calling an election in the precinct to reinstate the office. Amended Nov. 2, 1954, and Nov. 2, 1999.) (Feb. 15, 1876. Sec. The maximum rate of tax may be changed at subsequent elections so long as obligations are not impaired, and not to exceed the maximum limit of Seventy-five Cents (75) per One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) valuation, and no election shall be required by subsequent changes in the boundaries of the City of Amarillo. And the District Judges may exchange districts, or hold courts for each other when they may deem it expedient, and shall do so when required by law. Why did the Constitution of 1869 grant blacks the right to vote and recognize the 14th Amendment guarantees of equality before the law? A majority of those participating in the election voting in favor of the district shall be necessary for bonds to be issued. 5: See Appendix, Note 1. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, and Nov. 5, 1985.). (Former Sec. (Feb. 15, 1876. REMOVAL OF COUNTY OFFICERS. These rulings have helped shape public opinion among Puerto Ricans during the ongoing debate over the commonwealth's political status. If the Directors are appointed such appointment shall be made by the County Commissioners Court after consultation with and consent of the governing body or bodies of such city or cities. Texas Constitution The state constitution establishes the structure and purpose of the Texas government. In another case, Kleppe v. New Mexico, the Court ruled that the federal Wild Horse and Burro Act was a constitutional exercise of congressional power under the Property Clause at least insofar as it was applied to a finding of trespass. (2), (5)-(10), and (12) amended Nov. 8, 1977; Subsecs. Amended Nov. 5, 1985, and Nov. 6, 2001.) When convened en banc, five Judges shall constitute a quorum and the concurrence of five Judges shall be necessary for a decision. The court upheld Georgia's refusal to enforce the South Carolina judgment. COUNTY COURTS: TERMS OF COURT; PROBATE BUSINESS. AUTHORITY OF COASTAL COUNTIES TO REGULATE MOTOR VEHICLES AND LITTERING ON BEACHES. This site works best with JavaScript enabled. Article Four of the United States Constitution outlines the relationship between the various states, as well as the relationship between each state and the United States federal government. (c) The Legislature shall provide for the holding of an election in each county proposing the creation of an Authority to be called by the Commissioners Court or Commissioners Courts, as the case may be, upon petition of five per cent (5%) of the qualified voters within the county or counties. Any person holding an office specified in this subsection may be suspended from office with or without pay by the Commission immediately on being indicted by a State or Federal grand jury for a felony offense or charged with a misdemeanor involving official misconduct. Its orders for the attendance or testimony of witnesses or for the production of documents at any hearing or investigation shall be enforceable by contempt proceedings in the District Court or by a Master. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 8, 1977, and Nov. 4, 1980.). (Added Nov. 6, 1962; amended Nov. 2, 1999.) 4 of Comanche County at the time such levy is made for such purposes. In Luther v. Borden,[19] the Court held that the determination of whether a state government is a legitimate republican form as guaranteed by the Constitution is a political question to be resolved by the Congress. The County Court shall hold terms as provided by law. 1. Texas voters later decide whether to adopt the proposed amendments. 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