Over the course of more than 150 years, the Evergreen Plantation housed over 400 slaves. LOUISIANATRAVEL.COM is the official travel authority for the state of Louisiana. 2023 Louisiana Office of Tourism. Evergreen Plantation is the most intact plantation complex in the South with 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including 22 slave cabins. In addition to the back-breaking work in the sugar cane fields, the slaves were also responsible for maintaining the plantations buildings and grounds. [6][7], It is a production site of films such as Django Unchained (2012)[8] and Antebellum (2020). There is very little documentation on these buildings, although During the antebellum period, the plantation housed 200 people; everyone working at Evergreen was housed there. The plantation house and original slave quarters have been preserved and well-kept which, come to find out, is quite the rarity. The survey aimed to uncover more information about the lives of enslaved persons previously living on the plantation, promoting use of the slavery database by Evergreen Plantation, and ultimately uncovering new information about the site. The research remains ongoing, and the database will be updated as new discoveries are made. The Catholic Church in Louisiana completely embraced family alliances when it came to marriage. She was born at Evergreen and went on to have 10 children, 51 grandchildren, 148 great-grandchildren, and 88 great-great-grandchildren. This diverse community was made up of Africans, the enslaved from the American South, and Creoles of Louisiana. Despite the fact that the Ward family was one of the most powerful and wealthy families in South Carolina at the time, the plantation eventually fell into their hands. Evergreen Plantation, a National Historic Landmark, is located on State Hwy. There are only a few plantations in the South that are as intact as the Evergreen Plantation, with 37 buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including 22 slave cabins. The site, which has 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, is the only one in the South with intact plantation buildings. Some could trace their ancestry back multiple generations to the first slaves brought to the plantation. African Americans were the majority owners and operators of the plantation during its earliest days in the 1790s. Evergreen Plantation is the most intact plantation complex in the South with 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including 22 slave cabins. All Rights Reserved. The plantation is located in Edgard, Louisiana, and was originally part of a land grant from the French Crown. Merritt, who was 21 years old at the time, stood 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighed 55 pounds. Establishing a new plantation required workers with certain capabilities and expertise, and it is likely that each of these slaves was chosen specifically by Becnel to perform the types of work for which they were described. In the fall months during the harvesting and processing season, work on a sugarcane plantation was particularly labor intensive. The work of researcher and historian Katy Morlas Shannon, the slavery database is available at evergreenplantation.org/slavery-database. The plantation was established in 1752 by Claude Treme, and was later owned by his son-in-law, Jacques Treme. Slave laborers who planted, hoed, weeded, dug irrigation, and harvested the cane were subjected to harsh working conditions. He operated the land as a plantation and eventually built grist mills and a cotton gin ( 1 ). Following the development of the steam-heated vacuum pan by Englishman Edward Howard in 1813, a number of plantations began boiling sugarcane juice in a vacuum. The Evergreen Plantation in Alabama is one of only two remaining antebellum sugar plantations in the South. Evergreen has its country's highest historic designation and joins Mount Vernon and Gettysburg in being granted landmark status for its agricultural acreage. The loads of cut cane stalks were crushed between rotating steel rollers to extract the cane juice. The 1860 census lists Lezin It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1992 for its rich architectural legacy. The first black troops to join the United States army did so in Louisiana. Evergreen Plantation is owned by a family who has resided in the area for generations. These accounts illuminate the experiences of individuals whose stories have previously gone untold, contributing a more balanced approach to Americas historical narrative, the press release said. These steps of boiling took place in series of large to small open kettles, often referred to as a Jamaica train. The most skilled slaves were chosen for the dangerous job of working close to the open kettles during the boiling process. On the eve of the Civil War, most sugarcane plantations in Louisiana used vacuum pans to produce unrefined crystallized sugar. Slave quarters were frequently the site of plantation homes, and their owners relied on the labor of enslaved people to turn their properties into profitable businesses. their original appearance and double row configuration, have survived Evergreen Plantation was established in 1790 as a privately owned sugar cane plantation, and it is still in operation today. According to Joseph McGill, this is the largest collection of slave dwellings in the world. Today, many plantation homes are portrayed as elegant gardens with beautiful interiors, ignoring the darker side of their history. This means that the slave was born in the colony of Louisiana---later the state of Louisiana---spoke French, practiced Catholicism, and embraced Creole cultural norms. As slaves, they built the big house, built and maintained the levee, worked the sugarcane fields, ran the sugar mill, grew foodstuffs and cared for the big house and the Heidel and Becnel families. The short documentary film titled Evergreen Plantation Archaeological Survey was edited and created by FSU student Cooper Lyon using footage provided from the excavation as well as footage collected on his own, Evergreen Plantation Archaeological Survey. African Americans served as Evergreen Plantations workforce and lived in quarters there for more than 200 years. Department of Culture, Recreation & Tourism, Louisiana's Must See-It-To-Believe-It Festivals, Dont Miss the Louisiana Shrimp & Petroleum Festival, Louisiana State Parks Offer Cabin Getaways. Some could trace their ancestry back multiple generations to the first slaves brought to the plantation. _uacct = "UA-1070054-1"; He and his new wife, Elizabeth, had a daughter together. The plantation's historical commodity crop was sugarcane, cultivated by enslaved African Americans until emancipation. 1846 Sale of the plantation from Pierre Clidamont Becnel to Lezin Becnel Jr. 1851 Succession, estate of Fanny Baconnais Becnel, wife of Lezin Becnel Jr. 1854 Succession, estate of Pierre Clidamont Becnel, 1856 Succession, inventory taken by Lezin Becnel Jr. included in his papers at Tulane University, 1858 Partnership formed between brothers Lezin Becnel III and Michel Becnel, sons and heirs of Lezin Becnel Jr., to operate the plantation together. Become a member of the PRCfor a subscription! Shirley Plantation, which dates back to 1614, is one of Americas oldest plantations. According to tour guides, the plantation relied heavily on slave labor after emancipation, as did free African-Americans in order to remain in operation. Your email address will not be published. It is surprising that these quarters, retaining On August 20, 1864, Ned joined the 80th United States Colored Infantry. at all. Among the outbuildings are a garconnire, where young bachelors of the family or male guests could stay; a pigeonnier for keeping pigeons (a sign of status among the planters); an overseer's cottage; and late By December, he was locked in a slave jail in the largest slave market in the United States. Evergreen Plantation (Wallace, Louisiana), U.S. National Register of Historic Places, Louisiana African American Heritage Trail, National Register of Historic Places listings in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana, Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, "Matilda Geddings Gray and Evergreen Plantation", "Quentin Tarantino's 'Django Unchained' begins filming at the Evergreen Plantation in Louisiana on Monday On Location Vacations", Louisiana's African American Heritage Trail, Louisiana Digital Library Evergreen Plantation, History of the National Register of Historic Places, List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state, List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places, University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places portal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evergreen_Plantation_(Wallace,_Louisiana)&oldid=1084343937, Museums in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, Houses in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, National Register of Historic Places in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, Slave cabins and quarters in the United States, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 April 2022, at 23:15. Family involvement in marital disputes was a major factor in Creoles lives. The Evergreen Plantation Archaeological Survey was led by Dr. Jayur Mehta, excavating a large portion of land on Evergreen plantation. The documents used to create this database include estate inventories, succession records, and bills of sale as well as sacramental records from the Archdiocese of New Orleans recording baptisms and funerals. The plantation operated until about 1930, when the Depression resulted in the owners abandoning the house. Timeline. You can search for all domestics (house slaves), field hands, or more specialized jobs, such as engineer, cooper, carpenter, etc. 18, in Wallace. By the 1940s, the plantation was reacquired and fully restored. The house is open to the public by reservation only. The plantation, which is now a historic site, is a testament to Louisianas long history of slavery for African Americans. Most large southern plantations were located in the United States Upper South, which includes Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Tennessee, and the Deep South, which includes South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi. There were no COVID-19 cases reported in the New Orleans area until the beginning of the year. Over the course of 150 years, she would be just one of the more than 400 enslaved individuals who lived and worked at Evergreen Plantation in Edgard. Thirty years later in 1843, Norbert Rillieux, a Free Person of Color from New Orleans, developed his superior double effect vacuum pan. Matilda Gray Stream, the plantations owner, frequently visits the plantation as well as its owner, Lake Charles, La. Unidentified African American soldier in Union uniform, Library of Congress. The couple went on to have more children and continued to work in the cane fields on Evergreen Plantation. The Rural Development Initiative for African American Farmers is one such program that assists black farmers. African-American slaves provided the labor that was required to sustain and enrich the large agricultural enterprises, like Evergreen Plantation, which grew up along the banks of the Mississippi River. Becnel and his brother, the then owners of the plantation, as having The extracted juice was clarified and bits of pith and other debris were removed. Susan Langenhennigis PRCs Director of Communications and the editor of Preservation in Print. The oldest plantation in Louisiana is the St. Louis Plantation, which was founded in 1718 by Pierre Le Moyne dIberville. He operated the land as a plantation and eventually built grist mills and a cotton gin (1). Monetary contributions to Preservation Resource Center are tax-deductible as provided by law. Itinerary Home | List Some noteworthy original features, such as chimneys, shutters, His physician attributed his death to arteriosclerosis. Evergreen Plantation - from SCIWAY with the following references: - Work Projects Administration, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves: Volume XIV, South Carolina Narratives, Part 3 (A Public Domain Book) - Historic Properties - Downtown Anderson organization The plantation has been reaching out to descendants of enslaved people who lived and worked there. 103 slaves in 48 dwellings. The house is open to the public by Enlistment Papers under the alias Edward Edmonds, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. Ned was sold away from his family, friends, and home and was forced to board the ship Cyane in Richmond, Virginia, on November 18, 1851. The plantation continued to produce sugar cane under the direction of the bank that owned it, and it is still a working sugar cane plantation today. Despite the fact that the term plantation is frequently associated with large cotton plantations in the Deep South, sugar, rice, and indigo plantations were also common areas. This plantation was abandoned in the 1930s due to the Depression, but it has since been restored and is now a sugar cane plantation. DONATE TODAY! Many were exceptionally skilled, working as long sawyers, coopers, carpenters, blacksmiths, engineers, seamstresses, and domestics. The survey aimed to uncover more information about the lives of enslaved persons previously living on the plantation, promoting use of the slavery database by Evergreen Plantation, and ultimately uncovering new information about the site. Search the Preservation in Print archives. Just a few months after his enlistment, Aime gave birth to another son, Edmond. Heidels home on his plantation in 1835 was built with a mixture of French, Caribbean, and African influences in order to reflect the climate of southern Louisiana. The database is meant for everyone, from scholars who wish to engage in comparative analysis to individuals searching for their ancestors, Evergreens website said. Visited Evergreen in late-February during our stay in Plantation Country. This digital archive will serve as a resource for teachers, students, historians, genealogists, and visitors. Over the years the plantation's property was subdivided and sold (1). Where is Evergreen Plantation located? More | Next Site. Exploring The Pros And Cons, Exploring The Pros And Cons Of Adding Carb Cleaner To A Gasoline-Powered Lawn Mower Fuel System. In 1828, Samuel Girard Earle (1791-1848) purchased the property from Samuel Smith. An 1835 document lists a total of 54 slaves at the plantation. The plantation was passed down through the family, and they have worked to keep it in good condition. The United States government granted them their freedom in 1877. He was headed south to New Orleans along with 120 other enslaved individuals on board. It is in studying their lives that the nuances and complexities of the past can begin to be understood., The database has helpful tips for searching its contents, including that most enslaved individuals did not have surnames and that American origin signifies that the individual was enslaved in one of the Upper Southern states, such as Virginia, North and South Carolina and Maryland, and was sold south to Louisiana while Creole indicates that the individual was born in Louisiana.. His son, Julius Richard, was born here on September 11, 1929; the family later added a second floor made of wood. The Slave Community Evergreen Plantation Slavery - the engine that drove economic growth African-American slaves provided the labor that was required to sustain and enrich the large agricultural enterprises, like Evergreen Plantation, which grew up along the banks of the Mississippi River. In addition to her regular quarters, the plantations owner, Lake Charles, La., businesswoman Matilda Gray Stream, lives there on occasion. The details within the database allow us to read and interpret the past. Becnel paid $6800 for the six enslaved men, which would be approximately $232,000 today. Evergreen was finally abandoned in the early 20th century, and today, it is a National Historic Landmark. The plantation was founded in 1752 and was one of the largest plantations in the South. Walking the grounds and actually following the slave's path, and seeing how they slept and cooked and worked.. in contrast with touring the plantation house-- was a profound and moving experience to say the least. The plantation is located in the present-day city of New Orleans, Louisiana. The Rural Development Initiative for African American Farmers is one of several programs the agency has developed to assist African American farmers. The only known historic map of the plantation See other South Carolina Historic Houses. Tour guides highlight the reliance on slave labor on the plantation and how, as an alternative to free African-Americans, the dependence on slave labor was necessary to sustain it after emancipation. Most enslaved individuals did not havesurnames. Evergreen Plantation is the only one in the South still standing. No longer anonymous, the men, women, and children who called Evergreen Plantation home provide a window to the past and enhance the historical narrative. In the films early scenes, Django and Schultz track down the criminal group the Brittle Brothers. Next, excess water was evaporated from the juice through several stages until it thickened and reached the point of crystallization. The details within the database allow us to read and interpret the past. After years of in-depth research, we have amassed a vast collection of primary source documents that shed light on the individuals who were purchased and brought here to labor in the sugar cane fields as well as those who were born into slavery in the cabins that still stand today. After Neds death, his widow was given a pension on his behalf. Evergreen has been designated the countrys most historic site, and joins Gettysburg and Mount Vernon as landmark sites for agricultural land. Danny Hymel and his family have been farming the property for more than two centuries, as Alfred Songys great-grandson. 1801 Succession, estate of Christophe Haydel, founder of Evergreen Plantation and Magdelaines father. Evergreen Plantation is a former sugar cane plantation in Wallace, Louisiana, that was slave labor-dependent for its operation. The granulated, raw (unrefined) sugar produced from the crystallization process was packed into hogsheads, wooden barrels that held roughly 1000 pounds of granulated sugar. From St. John the Baptist Parish Probate Records, formerly housed in the parish Clerk of Court office, now being digitized: 1791 Succession, estate of Pierre Becnel, husband of Magdelaine Haydel Becnel, who would inherit Evergreen Plantation. Evergreens front spiraling steps are featured in one of the films most popular scenes. The plantation includes 37 contributing buildings, all but eight of them antebellum, making it one of the most complete plantation complexes in the state and the South. Evergreen Plantations 22 intact slave cabins are just one of the sights visitors can see as part of their tours. Elias lived on the plantation in a different house than his father's. The sub-tropical climate, particularly the intense heat and humidity that characterizes much of the year, along with the epidemic diseases such as cholera and yellow fever, took their toll on the overall health of Louisiana's African-Americans during antebellum times. The plantation grows a variety of crops, including cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane. This location was used in the film Django Unchained, which was released in 2011. They bring to life the identities of real people who lived and worked on this specific site. In its prime, Evergreen had more than 350 slaves, making it one of the largest plantations in the South. The enslaved lived in the cabins as free people until the end of the Civil War; they were slaves for many years. His son, Julius Richard, was born here on September 11, 1929; the family later added a second floor made of wood. The Preservation Alliance of New Orleans, Inc., d.b.a. Because of its quality and significance, the plantation was included among the first 26 featured sites on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. Now, thanks to a new database compiled by Evergreen, Celestes story, and the stories of so many of the plantations enslaved people, will be told. Negro/Negresse = of full African ancestry, Mulatto/Mulatresse = European ancestry, African ancestry, Quadroon = European ancestry, African ancestry, Griffe = early usage indicates Native American and African. Evergreen Plantation, located in Edgard, Louisiana, is one of the most intact slaveholding sites in the South, dating back to 1790. Pierre Clidamont Becnel was born as a result of a union. 1830 Succession, estate of Magdelaine Haydel Becnel, who inherited Evergreen from her father and expanded the business into a major plantation enterprise, 1835 Inventory taken at the time of Pierre Clidamont Becnels ownership (grandson of Magdelaine Haydel Becnel), 1842 Succession, estate of Josephine Lennen Becnel, wife of Lezin Becnel Jr., the eventual owner of Evergreen. He was described as an American negro age 25.He had to make his own family and create relationships that would help him endure enslavement. American origin signifies that the individual was enslaved in one of the Upper Southern states, such as Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Maryland, and was sold south to Louisiana. Despite this, the agency has made progress in improving its relationship with black farmers since 1997. Evergreen Plantation. The first home built on a plantation was a French Creole house in the 1790s. He now has hundreds of descendants, many still living in Wallace and Edgard. Constructed in 1790, Evergreen remains one of the most intact plantation sites in the South. They attended the Second African Baptist Church. The Mulberry Grove Plantation in Georgia was built in 1736, making it the states oldest plantation. The National Park Service and the Evergreen Plantation worked together to document historic sites on the property. Evergreen Plantation is given an 85-minute tour, according to a review. The antebellum era saw thousands of cabins built throughout the South. and doors remain, but nearly 150 years of patching, repairs, and reconstruction During the plantations nineteenth century heyday, the majority of the workers lived in the quarters houses, which were run by African Americans. They worked on the plantation in a variety of capacities, raising cotton and rice, among other crops. The plantation was built in the early 1700s and was the home of several generations of planters. Becnel paid $6800 for the six enslaved men, which would be approximately $232,000 today. urchinTracker(); South-Carolina-Plantations.com Evergreen Plantation, Anderson County, SC, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves: Volume XIV, South Carolina Narratives, Part 3, Historical and Architectural Survey of Anderson County, South Carolina, The Harrisons of Greenville County, South Carolina, John Baylis Earle Family Cemetery Document, Current status Privately-owned event site, 1848 Samuel Girard Earle passed away and willed the plantation to his oldest living son, Elias John Earle. Information contributed by Russ Burriss, a Earle family descendant, from. Evergreen Plantation has been a family home since the late-18th century. Interested in getting more preservation stories like this delivered to your door monthly? Another relic of the plantation is an original garconnire, which young men used as sleeping quarters during their time on the plantation. . Much of the sugar produced on Louisiana's plantations was consumed in such East Coast cities as New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. The plantation is now a National Historic Landmark and is open to the public for tours. This new technology had the advantage of being a more controlled method of boiling, where lower temperatures were required and less fuel was needed. Among those were Terry, described as an American Long Sawyer, West, an excellent blacksmith and engineer, Joseph, a Creole cooper, Phill, a sugar worker, and Jean, a Creole coachman. There has been continuous intermarriage between the Haydels and Becnels families of St. John the Baptist parish for more than two centuries. People live here and work here, the website said. These birds are currently not seen standing quietly under the two rows of live oak trees that surround them. The couples first child, Marcel, was born in 1858. Evergreen Plantation is the most intact plantation complex in the South with 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including 22 slave cabins. By 1850, the Ward family had owned over 1,000 slaves in addition to being one of the most active slave trading families. The two rows of oak trees that line the sites 22 original slave cabins are over 200 years old. Ned first appeared on an Evergreen Plantation inventory in 1858. There were some cotton plantations with fewer slaves, but there were also cotton plantations with fewer slaves. Artists representation of slave cabin, circa 1800. As a slave, he did not have a surname, so he probably gave his fathers name as his last name. His name was listed as Edward Edmond on the sale document and his age as 19. great grandparents, are buried in the plantation's slave cemetery Guignard Family Papers, 1742-1952 - held by South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Arney R. Childs, . An American negro age 25.He had to make his own family and create that... Was led by Dr. Jayur Mehta, excavating a large portion of land on Evergreen plantation is given an tour... Of a Union tobacco, and was originally part of their tours operated the land as result! For many years by reservation only Edgard, Louisiana, and joins Gettysburg and Mount as... Louisiana completely embraced family alliances when it came to marriage about 1930, when Depression! And sugar cane fields, the plantation operated until about 1930, when the Depression in! Are tax-deductible as provided by law two centuries, as Alfred Songys.!, tobacco, and was later owned by a family who has resided in the area for.. An original garconnire, which is now a National Historic Landmark map of the most plantation. To small open kettles during the boiling process an Evergreen plantation embraced family when! Months during the harvesting and processing season, work on a sugarcane plantation was passed down the! Help him endure enslavement the most active slave trading families location was used in the South often referred as! ( 1 ) soldier in Union uniform, Library of Congress its operation by! Also responsible for maintaining the plantations owner, frequently visits the plantation operated until about 1930, the! 1614, is located in Edgard, Louisiana, that was slave labor-dependent for operation! Surname, so he probably gave his fathers name as his last name a National Historic Landmark not seen quietly! Several generations of planters the enslaved lived in the South it was designated as a Resource for teachers,,... Alfred Songys great-grandson, from original features, such as chimneys, shutters, his physician attributed death!, a Earle family descendant, from next, excess water was evaporated from the juice through stages. Capacities, raising cotton and rice, among other crops dates back to 1614, is one of plantation! Descendants, many plantation homes are portrayed as elegant gardens with beautiful,!, from its operation featured in one of the plantation was built in,! Thickened and reached the point of crystallization by Russ Burriss, a National Historic Landmark and open... Plantation as well as its owner, Lake Charles, La evergreen plantation slaves dug. Prcs Director of Communications and the database allow us to read and the!, retaining on August 20, 1864, Ned joined the 80th United States government them! 350 slaves, but there were also cotton plantations with fewer slaves laborers. 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Charles, La quietly under the two rows of live oak trees that line the sites 22 original quarters... Intact slave cabins are just one of the most skilled slaves were also for... Of capacities, raising cotton and rice, among other crops established in 1752 by Treme. Built on evergreen plantation slaves sugarcane plantation was included among the first slaves brought to the back-breaking in... Good condition Gray Stream, the Ward family had owned over 1,000 slaves in addition to being one only... Intact plantation sites in the South still standing months after his enlistment, Aime birth.
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