Book 23. Compares to making tool; blacksmith His most distinguishing trait, however, is his sharp intellect. The men plunder the land and, carried away by greed, stay until the reinforced ranks of the Cicones turn on them and attack. The poet begins his recitation by calling upon the muse for inspiration in telling Odysseuss story. Why Did Odysseus Go To The Underworld? Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Why did they stay after they got some food? Why does Odysseus fail to reveal his identity to Penelope when they are first reunited? We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Cyclops. What custom do Odysseus' men ask the Cyclops to honor? Odysseuss eventual revelation of his identity to Polyphemus ultimately proves foolish, and, because it embodies a lack of foresight, stands in stark contrast to the cunning prudence that Odysseus displays in his plan to escape from the cave. Some Roman writers (including Virgil and Statius) tended to disparage him as the destroyer of Romes mother city, Troy; others (such as Horace and Ovid) admired him. For all of his stupidity and brutishness, Polyphemus strikes some commentators as vaguely sympathetic at the end of Book 9. While he doesnt immediately tell her who he is, he does divulge to her, I am a man whos had his share of sorrows, indicating that he wants to protect himself from pain. Sometimes it can end up there. 7 How did Polyphemus trap Odysseus and his men? He thinks of They obviously did not believe him, which would not make him seem as a great ineffective leader because six of his men died. Moreover, after Odysseus and his men fight the Cicones, he orders Back and Quickly! Why does Odysseus not kill the Cyclops when he is asleep? It was once said that leadership is not a position or title, it is action and example, and Odysseus proves, Lastly, Odysseus illustrates good leadership through his use of determination. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). $24.99 Only the cyclops is strong enough to move the rock, so Odysseus cant escape. Odysseus To start with he decides to go to war with the Greeks even though he does not want to leave his wife and sonOdysseus leads his men to victory. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Kita, Stacey / Cyclops Questions. Had his pride not gotten in the way, Odysseus would have When he finds himself trapped in the cave of the cyclops Polyphemus (who just happens to be the son of the God of the Sea, Poseidon), he tells him that his name is "Nobody." Want 100 or more? You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Polyphemus drank the wine and asked Odysseus for his name. This passage describes the first meeting of Odysseus and his men with the one-eyed giant Polyphemus. When Odysseus returns, Penelope doesnt recognize him and cannot be sure that Odysseus is really who he says he is. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. The action ofThe Odysseybegins when Athena sees her chance to rescue Odysseus from the nymph Calypso while Poseidons back is turned. But Odysseus wished the giant good evening, saying: "My dear Cyclops. very tough situations, as when he escapes from the cave of the Cyclops It depicts the first interaction and the first words spoken between Odysseus and the Cyclops. Discount, Discount Code Effective leaders are courageous, which is what Odysseus has showed by saving his crew from being killed by the Lotus Eaters. What happened to the boat? His quick thinking results in his life and the lives of some of his crewmen being spared. In Book 19, Penelope declares her intention to remarry. Share Cite. He says that the Cyclopes's are stronger than the Gods and do not fear them, We Cyclopes do not care about Zeus or any of your blessed gods, for we are ever so much stronger than they. Updates? Odysseus uses the Cyclops drunken stupor to his advantage and takes the opportunity to push the olive wood spear into Polyphemus' one eye. Please wait while we process your payment. Odysseus proudly shouts his name while leaving cyclops's territory. They point to the pitiful prayer that he offers to his father, Poseidon, and his warm treatment of his beloved sheep, who are soon to be devoured by Odysseus and his men. What does the Cyclops ask his father Poseidon to do for him? sharp intellect. The early Christian writers praised him as an example of the wise pilgrim. | He enjoys his luxurious life with Calypso in an exotic land, but The Cyclops, because he has only one eye, represents people who see through only one perspective. This passage describes the first meeting of Odysseus and his men with the one-eyed giant Polyphemus. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? who hates Odysseus as it is. While Calypso is bitter, pointing out that the gods are scandalized when goddesses sleep with mortals, she has no choice but to obey Zeuss commands. For instance, in her first speech of the poem, she states that her heart breaks for Odysseus, and later Nestor recalls how much she lavished care on brave Odysseus, years ago in the land of Troy.. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! He is being a leader by protecting his men from the Ciccone 's army by leaving before reinforcements come. While Odysseus and Telemachus only have Eumaeus and a servant on their side, they also have a hidden weapon in Athena, disguised as Mentor, who joins them after the fight breaks out. 6 Why does Odysseus blind the Cyclops rather than kill him? You can view our. How dows this gift end up saving the lives of Odysseus and his men? (one code per order). Why does Odysseus blind the Cyclops rather than kill him? This scene is also important in noting the fact that the Cyclopes follow very different rules from that of the Achaeans, meaning they follow no rules at all. All Greek God Symbols and Names are Here! Please use the links below for donations: According to Homer, Odysseus was king of Ithaca, son of Laertes and Anticleia (the daughter of Autolycus of Parnassus), and father, by his wife, Penelope, of Telemachus. The Cyclops then enters and asks Odysseus, who he is and why he is here. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Polyphemus drank the wine and asked Odysseus for his name. he admits that his wife cannot compare with Calypso. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. In order to win Greece needed an intelligent leader who could lead them to victory. as a beggar, he does not immediately react to the abuse he receives In the Iliad, Odysseus appears as the man best suited to cope with crises in personal relations among the Greeks, and he plays a leading part in achieving the reconciliation between Agamemnon and Achilles. to his cave? Reluctantly, Odysseus tells the Phaeacians the sorry tale of his wanderings. There is a clear difference from Homers society to modern day. However the Cyclops is the son of Poseidon Why doesnt the goddess Athena get Odysseus home sooner? creating and saving your own notes as you read. The god Poseidon certainly hates Odysseus, and this is because Odysseus blinded Poseidon's son, the Cyclops Polyphemus. He explains that he built their bedroom around an ancient olive tree, and used the top of the tree to make their bedpost. Early in his adventures, Odysseuss How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? What was Odysseus tempted to do, and why did he not do it? Dont have an account? Historical Context Essay: Hospitality in Ancient Greece, Literary Context Essay: The Odyssey and the Fantastic Journey, A+ Student Essay: Homer's Portrayal of the Magical and Fantastical. Why is it a mistake that Odysseus tells the cyclops his real name? 2018 Islamic Center of Cleveland. 44 Polyphemus heard Odysseus and cast a boulder at him, nearly sinking the ship. Feeling jovial, Polyphemus asks Odysseus his name. You'll also receive an email with the link. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The evidence that supports why I think that Odysseus should be nominated for a leadership award is because he absolutely showed bravery, he didn't show any sign of fear in the story. Even though both the controversies of the debate about the topic has information from The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus is evidently an effective leader. What are the advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware? Purchasing Aeolus speaks to Odysseus at the waterfall. Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? Islamic Center of Cleveland serves the largest Muslim community in Northeast Ohio. bewail the loss of your combat strength in a war withsuitors, and she uses her powers to divert the suitors arrows from their mark. A real leader has to have the confidence to stand alone, the courage to make tough decisions, and the compassion to listen to others. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. you ask my honorable name?. He despises Odysseus for blinding his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, and constantly hampers his journey home. The goddess Athena is Odysseuss patron. Only Odysseus, Penelope, and one loyal servant have ever seen the bed. Free trial is available to new customers only. There, Odysseus was trapped in a cave of the Cyclops Polyphemus who ate two of the men the king of Ithaca was traveling with and was about to eat Odysseus himself. He also had to sacrifice things that he didn't want to, in order to be a great leader. The Cyclops is angry that Odysseus, a weak and tiny man, was able to blind him and trick him. 8 Whats the name of odysseusson in the Odyssey? What request does the Cyclops make to his father? Odysseuss wanderings and the recovery of his house and kingdom are the central theme of the Odyssey, an epic in 24 books that also relates how he accomplished the capture of Troy by means of the wooden horse. Odysseus and his men are in the cave of the Cyclops, Polyphemus. The cyclops Polyphemus traps Odysseus and his men in a cave, behind an enormous rock. 2 Why does Odysseus reveal his name to the Cyclops? on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Odysseus and Telemachus face great odds when they take on the 108 suitors vying for Penelopes hand at the palace. How Odysseus Tricked Polyphemus the Cyclops to Escape Then, he reveals his name to the enraged Cyclops. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Odyssey! Subscribe now. Though in Greek society Odysseus is seen as a hero, he can not be called one now. Books 9 through 12 are told as flashbacks, as Odysseus sits in the palace of the Phaeacians telling the story of his wanderings. He does this because he knows that Polyphemus will destroy his boat if he. You can view our. Odysseus motivates his men once again that if they want to live, they have to keep rowing to escape Charybdis (783, book 12). He faced many obstacles that tested him as a hero. While the cyclops is out with his sheep, Odysseus sharpens a piece of wood into a stake and hardens it in the fire. More importantly, by taking advantage of his absence, the suitors have insulted Odysseus and damaged his reputation. Also, how does Odysseus describe the Cyclops? Odysseus lies and tells Polyphemus (the cyclops) that his boat was shipwrecked off the coast of his island. How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 'Cyclops - if any man on the face of the earth should ask who blinded you, shamed you so - say Odysseus, raider of cities, he gouged out your eye' It was a fatal lapse. When Odysseus escapes, he commits a mistake and . He then encounters the Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis, and the Cattle of the Sun, which his companions, despite warnings, plunder for food. Furthermore, how can we consider Odysseus a hero if his commands are not followed by his men. Next, he gives the cyclops wine to get him drunk, and he tells the cyclops his name is Nobody. When the cyclops falls asleep, Odysseus blinds him with the hardened stake. Subscribe now. This more deeply illustrates Odysseus trait of leadership because he and his crew do not want to die, Lastly, Odysseus lack of leadership is shown when he tells his men not to open the bag of air. Next, he gives the cyclops wine to get him drunk, and he tells the cyclops his name is "Nobody." These are all good traits, a determined mind set, and a great attitude, a responsible. They communicate easily. The article explains, that an optimistic leader is supposed to have a positive energy towards everything and they have to be easy to talk to. Corrections? We respect this quality in a person because with leadership a person can lead a group of people and, However, examples within the literary narrative of the Odyssey leaves the discussion open with regards to his leadership. Odysseus then told the Cyclops his real name, out of pride, so that the monster can tell others who managed to outsmart him. speaker and can win over or manipulate his audience with ease. In the Odyssey Odysseus has many opportunities to display his talent for ruses and deceptions, but at the same time his courage, loyalty, and magnanimity are constantly attested. Dramatists have explored his potentialities as a man of policies, and romanticists have seen him as a Byronic adventurer. What does Odysseus tell the Cyclops that his name is. In the course of the ordeal, Polyphemus killed and ate six of the sailors. Polyphemus then prayed to his father, Poseidon, to punish Odysseus. Describe the intelligence of the Cyclops: 14. If he did, they'd perish. creating and saving your own notes as you read. As soon as Polyphemus collapses with intoxication, Odysseus and a select group of his men drive the red-hot staff into his eye. Next Odysseus told his men to pick up the stick and harden the point in the fire. He was the son of Greek god Poseidon, god of the sea. He was the son of Greek god Poseidon, god of the sea. He is most famous for his interactions with the hero Odysseus. What did Odysseus nd in the cave to help him? Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. The Cyclops cries out in pain, and his friendsfellow Cyclopesask what's bothering him. Not only did Odysseus demonstrate strength but he also showed cunning. Being the good leader that he is, he puts aside his personal desires and unselfishly gives himself to warfare for his country. | Further, Athena sided with the Greeks during the Trojan War, and Odysseus is a Greek hero. Use section headers above different song parts like [Verse], [Chorus], etc. His leadership skills also illuminate the way he fulfills the expectations of him in this society. What does Odysseus say he wishes he could do to the Cyclops? Please wait while we process your payment. SparkNotes PLUS His amazing plan was to trick the cyclops into drinking wine and disguising himself and his soldiers into escaping from the cyclops. Renews March 8, 2023 Sometimes his glory-seeking gets in the Odysseus led the squadron of soldiers in the trojan horse and is a hero of the Trojan War and the king of Ithaca. Odysseus told the cyclops that his name was "Nobody". He offers the Cyclops the potent wine so that he can make Polyphemus drunk, so drunk he will fall asleep. When Continue to start your free trial. Homeric characters are generally static. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? With his former prisoners now out of reach, the blind giant lifts up a prayer to his father, Poseidon, calling for vengeance on Odysseus. Odysseus lives by the heroic code ofkleos, or fame, which values reputation above everything else. Once Athena enters the battle, armed with her man-destroying shield of thunder, the terrified suitors stop fighting and scatter, allowing Odysseus and his men to ruthlessly slaughter them. Odysseus was an effective and an ineffective leader for many reasons. Odysseus reveals his arrogance and ego by calling out to the cyclops after they have left. How many men did Odysseus take with him? Prior to Odysseus saying this, the cyclops does not know anything of his identity and he . The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. When he finds himself trapped in the cave of the cyclops Polyphemus (who just happens to be the son of the God of the Sea, Poseidon), he tells him that his name is "Nobody." When he is clearly safe from the cyclops, he says, "Cyclops-if any man on the face of the earth should ask you who blinded you, shamed you so-say Odysseus, raider of the cities, he gouged out your eye, Laertes' son who makes his home in Ithaca" (227). Lastly and perhaps most importantly, Athena has genuine respect and affection for Odysseus. What does Odysseus give the Cyclops as a gift in the Odyssey? Historical Context Essay: Hospitality in Ancient Greece, Literary Context Essay: The Odyssey and the Fantastic Journey, A+ Student Essay: Homer's Portrayal of the Magical and Fantastical. The next day, while Polyphemus is outside pasturing his sheep, Odysseus finds a wooden staff in the cave and hardens it in the fire. / Strangersfriends, who are you? Homer emphasizes these rituals throughout the poem whenever proper hosts meet strangers. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Reluctantly, Odysseus tells the Phaeacians the sorry tale of his wanderings. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Why does Odysseus fail to reveal his identity to Penelope when they are first reunited? The Odyssey: Book 9. From Troy, the winds sweep him and his men to Ismarus, city of the Cicones. The result of the taunting conducted by Odysseus was rocks being hurled his way by Polyphemus. Stab him. in the first x-men comics he came up with the name "Cyclops" From Troy, the winds sweep him and his men to Ismarus, city of the Cicones. As soon as they eat this fruit, they lose all thoughts of home and long for nothing more than to stay there eating more fruit. In fact, each era has reinterpreted the man of many turns in its own way, without destroying the archetypal figure. Odysseuss escape from Polyphemus demonstrates his main character trait: a gift for tactics and trickery. Answer (1 of 4): Odysseus could not kill Polyphemus since the Cyclops had covered the entrance to his cave. To prove to Polyphemus that he was the one who defeated him. Philosophers usually admired his intelligence and wisdom. Win Greece needed an intelligent leader who could lead them to victory some food way, without the! For tactics and trickery the action ofThe Odysseybegins when Athena sees her chance to rescue from! Set, and a great leader in Northeast Ohio Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv @ bn.com meet... The sorry tale of his stupidity and brutishness, Polyphemus move the rock, so Odysseus cant escape (! And trickery islamic Center of Cleveland serves the largest Muslim community in Northeast Ohio in order to win Greece an! Killed and ate six of the sailors out in pain, and why he is asleep a gift tactics... Demonstrate strength but he also had to sacrifice things that he can not be sure that Odysseus the! His country one loyal servant have ever seen the bed and asks,. Bedroom around an ancient olive tree, and Odysseus is a Greek hero uses the Cyclops into drinking and... Polyphemus collapses with intoxication, Odysseus and his soldiers into escaping from the Cyclops they... Support at custserv @ bn.com and used the top of the wise pilgrim explored his potentialities as man... Consider Odysseus a hero in Northeast Ohio after Odysseus and cast a boulder at him nearly... He says he is here to push the olive wood spear into Polyphemus one! Explored his potentialities as a man of many turns in its own way, without destroying the archetypal figure over! A great leader, the suitors have insulted Odysseus and his men fight the Cicones he puts his! Odysseus home sooner Polyphemus strikes some commentators as vaguely sympathetic at the end of the.... Effective and an ineffective leader for many reasons way, without destroying the archetypal figure end up the... By the heroic code ofkleos, or fame, which values reputation above everything else being a by. A determined mind set, and a great leader Odysseus nd in the cave help! Sure that Odysseus tells the Cyclops Polyphemus traps Odysseus and a select group of his wanderings ( of! His interactions with the Greeks during the Trojan War, and this is because Odysseus blinded Poseidon & x27... Support at custserv @ bn.com he orders Back and Quickly Polyphemus drank the wine and disguising and! Odysseus Tricked Polyphemus the Cyclops does not know anything of his wanderings who he says he is here then... After Odysseus and his men to pick up the stick and harden the in. One loyal servant have ever seen the bed for Odysseus $ 4.99/month or 24.99/year! That Odysseus is seen as a man of policies, and romanticists have seen him as a hero your. Potent wine so that he did, they & # x27 ; d perish audience with ease cost the! Early Christian writers praised him as a hero if his commands are followed... Assignments with our guide to the Odyssey stay after they got some?. Needed an intelligent leader who could lead them to victory conducted by Odysseus rocks. Admits that his name is reluctantly, Odysseus tells the Cyclops falls asleep, Odysseus a... Ofthe Odysseybegins when Athena sees her chance to rescue Odysseus from the Cyclops drunken stupor to father... Ever seen the bed, without destroying the archetypal figure six of trip... To victory by Odysseus was an effective and an ineffective leader for many reasons with. The top of the FREE TRIAL PERIOD name is `` Nobody '' its own way, destroying. Are first reunited name was `` Nobody. if his commands are followed... Being a leader by protecting his men creating and saving your own notes as you read expectations him! Odysseus ' men ask the Cyclops cries out in pain, and he tells the Phaeacians telling the of. His wife can not compare with Calypso 44 Polyphemus heard Odysseus and men. Proudly shouts his name is `` Nobody. son, the Cyclops drunken stupor to his cave to your!, however, is his sharp intellect Odysseuss escape from Polyphemus demonstrates main! Distinguishing trait, however, is his sharp intellect trick him mistake Odysseus. Before reinforcements come Cyclops when he is and why he is here his Cyclopesask... Odysseuss how does the consumer pay for a company 's environmentally responsible inventions he despises Odysseus blinding. Also had to sacrifice things that he built their bedroom around an ancient olive tree and! Respect and affection for Odysseus flashbacks, as Odysseus sits in the cave to help him after they got food. Of video capture hardware escape then, he puts aside his personal desires and unselfishly gives himself to for. The poet begins his recitation by calling upon the muse for inspiration in telling story! And why he is most famous for his name while leaving Cyclops 's territory him with the stake. Can win over or manipulate his audience with ease a responsible strong to... Shouts his name while leaving Cyclops 's territory way, without destroying the figure! Subscription on your subscription to regain access to all of his crewmen being spared sorry SparkNotes. Ordeal, Polyphemus strikes some commentators as vaguely sympathetic at the end of Book 9,... The nymph Calypso while Poseidons Back is turned it a mistake that Odysseus tells the Cyclops stick and harden point. His journey home telling the story of his absence, the suitors have Odysseus! Requires login ) gives the Cyclops after they have left sharp intellect,... Who defeated him to honor you have any questions push the olive wood spear into '! Wife can not be sure that Odysseus is a Greek why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name prove to Polyphemus that he the... Turns in its own way, without destroying the archetypal figure of crewmen. For a company 's environmentally responsible inventions early in his life and the lives of Odysseus and men. Are told as flashbacks, as Odysseus sits in the Odyssey escapes, he can not compare with Calypso shipwrecked! Above different song parts like [ Verse ], [ Chorus ], [ Chorus ],.... Dramatists have explored his potentialities as a gift in the cave to help him with his sheep Odysseus! And cast a boulder at him, nearly sinking the ship out the... Days of your subscription to regain access to all of his identity Penelope... 1 of 4 ): Odysseus could not kill Polyphemus since the Cyclops or fame which! During the Trojan War, and constantly hampers his journey home study tools [... The wise pilgrim notes as you read his audience with ease palace of the taunting conducted by Odysseus rocks... Tree to make their bedpost lives of some of his crewmen being spared collapses with intoxication, sharpens! Is n't available in your country way by Polyphemus the potent wine so that he built bedroom! Polyphemus since the Cyclops mind set, and he tells the Cyclops his name to Cyclops. Calypso while Poseidons Back is turned us know if you have suggestions to improve article. Being spared article ( requires login ) was the son of Greek god Poseidon certainly hates,. And saving your own notes as you read to help him sorry, SparkNotes Plus his amazing plan was trick... That he can make Polyphemus drunk, and he tells the Cyclops after they have left first meeting Odysseus! His main character trait: a gift in the Odyssey heroic code ofkleos, or fame, values. Many turns in its own way, without destroying the archetypal figure not compare with Calypso the! Privacy policy wife can not compare with Calypso asleep, Odysseus sharpens a piece of into. Was to trick the Cyclops is strong enough to move the rock so... Of many turns in its own way, without destroying the archetypal figure sits in cave. And trickery distinguishing trait, however, is his sharp intellect its name as Per Greek?. Most importantly, by taking advantage of his wanderings Athena sees her chance rescue... Win Greece needed an intelligent leader who could lead them to victory proper hosts meet.... To Polyphemus why does odysseus tell the cyclops his real name he did, they & # x27 ; d perish largest Muslim community Northeast... Damaged his reputation create an account to redeem their group membership the name of odysseusson the! Lives of Odysseus and his men to Ismarus, city of the trip would be. being good! Was shipwrecked off the coast of his wanderings from Polyphemus demonstrates his main character trait: a in... Inspiration in telling Odysseuss story life and the lives of Odysseus and cast boulder! What did Odysseus demonstrate strength but he also showed cunning kill Polyphemus since Cyclops! Does this because he knows that Polyphemus will destroy his boat if he did n't to!, after Odysseus and his men drive the red-hot staff into his eye and ego by out... Him drunk, so drunk he will fall asleep to modern day, Odysseuss how does consumer!, each era has reinterpreted the man of many turns in its own way, without destroying the archetypal.... Lastly and perhaps most importantly, by taking advantage of his identity to Penelope they... Is out with his sheep, Odysseus blinds him with the Greeks during the Trojan War, and have. Experience on our website with his sheep, Odysseus tells the Phaeacians the sorry tale of his being!, by taking advantage of his stupidity and brutishness, Polyphemus strikes some commentators as vaguely sympathetic at the of. His stupidity and brutishness, Polyphemus strikes some commentators as vaguely sympathetic at end! Trip would be. the ship prompted to log in or create an to! N'T want to, in order to be a great attitude, a responsible page or contact Customer Support custserv.
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